冷凍豬肉加工廠採購量對國內毛豬拍賣價格之影響

Abstract

我國養豬產業自1989年以來一直位居單項農產品產值之首，2015年畜牧產值達7,173.9億元，占所有農業產值32.74%，屠宰頭數8,229,635頭，供應國內豬肉862,9381噸，豬肉自給率達91%，顯見養豬產業在台灣農業的重要性。肉品市場是連結生產端及消費端公平公開公正的交易平台，本研究比較1995年、1999年、2001年及近3年毛豬運銷通路結果發現，肉品市場交易量占毛豬總供應量比例、毛豬飼養戶直接運銷量占毛豬供應量比例及由共同運銷系統運銷量占毛豬供應量比例皆呈現成長趨勢。 冷凍豬肉加工廠為肉品市場重要下游通路，1997年臺灣發生口蹄疫以前，冷凍豬肉加工廠的毛豬採購量占毛豬總供應量47.4%，大部分進入外銷市場；口蹄疫發生後外銷停滯，近3年冷凍豬肉加工廠的毛豬採購量占毛豬總供應量比例約為21.46%，大部分進入內銷市場，及少部分經加工後外銷至國外，其中透過肉品市場採購占毛豬總供應量平均比例為12.63%。本研究主要探討隨著肉品市場交易量增加，冷凍豬肉加工廠採購量是否亦隨之增加，且其採購量是否影響肉品市場的平均交易價格。經本研究結果發現，產地型肉品市場其冷凍豬肉加工廠採購量較大，影響肉品市場平均價格程度較大，都會型肉品市場其冷凍豬肉加工廠採購量較小，影響肉品市場平均價格程度較小。

The output value of Hog Raising Industry (HRI) had been placed on the first of the list in the Single Item Agricultural since 1989. In year 2015, the output value of agriculture reached 717.39 billion NT dollars, which was equivalent to 32.74% of the net output value in Taiwan’s agriculture. Moreover, the number of hog slaughtering was 8.229635 million, providing domestic pork supply in 8.629381 million tons, an up to 91% pork self-sufficiency rate. The importance of HRI has never been so revealing based on the above statistic data. The results of Hog Sales and Transportation in 1995’s, 1999’s and 2001’s studies found that the percentage of meat trading, direct Sales and Transportation value from hog raisers, and Co- Sales and Transportation in pork supply trading volume was rising. Pork processing plants are the main downstream access of meat market. Before Aphtae epizooticae epidemically spreaded in Taiwan in 1997, the pork processing plant’s purchase amount took 47.4% of the net pork supply, most of which served for exporting purposes. After Aphtae epizooticae had outbroken, export market was stigmatized.The pork processing plant’s purchase occupied 21.46% of the net pork supplies, most of which served for domestic markets and little of the pork was reprocessed and exported. An average 12.63% of net pork supply was measured through meat market purchasing. The purpose of the current study was mainly about whether the trading volume increased with the pork processing plant’s purchase rate and the relationship between purchasing rate and average trading price in the meat market. The results of the current study found that Origin Line Meat Market has larger the pork processing plant’s purchase sum and thus has made greater influence on average meat market price, while Urban Line Meat Market has smaller the pork processing plant’s purchase sum and thus has made slighter influence on average meat market price.