竹材生質物與豬糞之厭氧共消化

Abstract

台灣有許多的竹材廢料，來自製造家具，藝術品和筷子以及作物殘餘物。傳統上，這些廢料以直接燃燒或是就地掩埋的方式處理，這將對空氣、土壤及地下水造成污染。本研究以竹材廢棄物與豬糞進行厭氧共消化以生產甲烷氣體。首先，對竹材生質物進行甲烷潛能測試實驗，將四種不同揮發性固形物（VS）（1％，2.5％，5％，10％）的竹粉（BP）與厭氧污泥（AS）以3：2（BP：AS）的比例混合。觀察到在竹粉VS濃度為 10％時具有最高的甲烷產量126 mL/g VS，甲烷含量達52％。藉由初步結果，使用連續式攪拌反應槽(CSTR)，分別在水力停留時間（HRT）10天，竹生物質和豬糞以五種混合比例（0:1,1:3,1:2,1:1,1:0）及HRT為5天，以三種混和比(1:3、1:2、1:1) 進行中溫及高溫厭氧共消化試驗。 結果顯示當HRT為10天時，在高溫（55℃±1℃）且進流基質只含豬糞(0:1)時有最佳的產氣效率，GPR、MPR及甲烷比例分別為1.95 L/L/d、1.27 L/L/d及65.47%；最佳的有機物去除率則是在中溫（37±1℃）混和比為0:1時，COD、TS及VS的去除率分別為37.98%、23.58%及 28.92%。於添加竹粉的共消化實驗中則以竹粉與豬糞在高溫HRT 5天，混合比為1:3時有最佳的產氣效率，GPR、MPR及甲烷比例分別為1.98 L/L/d、2.96 L/L/d及66.73%。

There are abundant bamboo wastes in Taiwan, including those refuses from the plants of furniture, artworks and chopsticks, and the crop residues when harvesting. Traditionally, these wastes were treated by directly burning or dump in the landfill. However, it will result pollution either to the air or soil and groundwater. In this study, the bamboo biomass will be used as the substrate for anaerobic co-digestion with swine manure to produce the methane gas. In the beginning, tests of methane potential of the bamboo biomass were conducted. Four different volatile solids (VS) concentrations (1%、2.5%、5%、10%) of bamboo powder (BP) were mixed with anaerobic sludge (AS) at a ratio of 3:2 (BP:AS). It was observed the test of VS 10% had the highest methane yield of 126 mL/g VS added and a methane content of 52% were achieved. With these preliminary results, the co-digestion of bamboo biomass and the swine manure were tested at 10 days HRT with five mixture ratios (0:1, 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 1:0). 5 days HRTwith three mixture ratios (1:3, 1:2, 1:1) were tested under mesophilic and thermophilic condictions. The results showed that when using 100% swine manure at HRT 10 days,the best performance of gas production performance was observed at thermophilic temperature, gas production rate(GPR)、methane production rate(MPR) and methane content were 1.95L/L/d、1.27L/L/d and 65.47%, respectively. At mesophilic temperature had the best organic rremoval efficiency, the COD、TS and VS removal efficiency were 37.98%、23.58% and 28.92%, respectiviely. In co digestion test, the proportion of the bamboo waste was 33%, it had the best gas production performance with GPR、MPR and methane content of 1.98 L/L/d、2.96 L/L/d and 66.73%, respectively。