我國監所作業之研究

Abstract

監獄作業的目的究竟為何？是矯治、增加監獄收益、復歸社會，還是有其他目的？本文採取歷史比較分析的方式，以西方的監獄勞動的歷程對照我國，並以其發展脈絡的差異進行分析。從西方的監獄勞動史，可以看到監獄與監獄勞動分別在社會控制與資本主義兩個軸向下所發揮的功能。 只不過這樣的觀察在台灣本土脈絡下可否適用？從日治時期到戒嚴乃至於解嚴後的發展所呈現的是現代化的斷裂與重新現代化時在全球化下所遭遇的困境，與西方當代面臨風險社會產生了殊途而同歸的結果。國民黨接收後台灣的監所作業與強制工作保安處分功能除了低效能的勞動力剝削外，是回歸最單純的管理與囚情控制，也明確揭示了監獄在台灣僅僅單純作為人間垃圾場的排除機制。 理解台灣的監獄作業功能，便能理解監所作業相關法規的規範為何與現況有這麼大的差距。同樣的，用這樣法務部或矯正署所推動的改革方案，不論是過去的外役監制度還是近來實施的日間外出工作，其作為樣板而非普遍適用的制度一點也才能被凸顯出來。 相較於此，本文試圖提出一個得以普遍適用在全體受刑人的制度性方案。透過階段制處遇的方式，將外出工作、外出技訓與監內的作業及技訓以及假釋或服刑期滿的更生整合為一套多元化處遇制度。在企業化經營管理人才的導入與政府資金資源挹注的前提下，將監所作業制度與國民經濟結合。本文認為，唯有透過去圍牆化的方式始能真正達到受刑人復歸社會的終極目標。

What are the purposes of prison labor? Are they correction, making profit for the prison, rehabilitation, or others? The thesis uses the method of historical comparative analysis, comparing the history of prison labor in Taiwan with that in the western and analyzing the differences of their developments. By examining the history of prison labor in the western, we can see how prison and prison labor function in the face of social control and capitalism. However, can we get the same idea looking into our own history of prison labor? From Japanese colonial period, martial law period to the development after lifting the martial law, we see the breach of modernization and the difficulties of re-modernization under the wave of globalization, leading to the same result described as the Risk Society in the modern western. Functions of prison labor after the takeover by KMT are not only inefficient labor exploitation but also straight management of prisoners, which declare the mechanism of the prisons in Taiwan is nothing but a human disposal area excluding prisoners from the society. With the knowledge of the function of prison labor in Taiwan, we can understand why there is a huge gap between the relevant regulations and reality. This also shows in the fact that the reformation policies which are promoted by the ministry of Justice or the agency of correction allowing open prisons in the past time or go to work at the daytime only apply to the selected prisoners instead of every prisoner. Apart from current regulations and policies, the thesis tries to raise an institutional program which can apply to every prisoner. Through the measures of different corrective treatments on different stages, integrating the go to work at daytime, the go to train at daytime, the labor work and skill train in prison with rebirth after parole or expiration of sentences to one diversified treatment system. Under the premise that persons with corporatization management professions and government resources can be input into the prisons, the mechanism of prison labor can integrate with burgher economy. The thesis proposes that only to take down the wall we can reach the ultimate purpose of prisoners’ rehabilitation.