我國大學技術移轉及衍生新創之發展策略分析 - 以醫學大學為例

Abstract

臺灣的醫學大學在科技創新政策及生醫產業政策及扮演重要的角色，為此政府積極鬆綁相關法規，鼓勵大學發展「技術移轉」及「衍生新創」功能，使研究成果商品化，促進政策目標的實現，在我國教育體制下，大學多為績效指標的達成及國家計畫經費之取得，使教育的實施與政府政策目標達成一致性；因此，本研究之動機是希望透過較為全面性地對於國家政策、醫學大學暨其附設醫院體制及生醫產業三者關聯性，完整了解醫學大學辦理「技術移轉」及「衍生新創」的功能及現況，並從國家、醫學大學及產學合作專責單位的層面，分析及探討其發展之策略。 本研究利用波特的五力分析架構分析外部環境的機會與威脅，辨識臺灣的醫學大學發展「技術移轉」及「衍生新創」的成功關鍵因素；進行外部分析需要了解三種相關環境，即產業環境、國家環境及總體環境，因此，本研究亦使用分析國家境爭優勢的國家鑽石架構，及影響競爭強度的總體環境分析，並以辦理「技術移轉」及「衍生新創」有卓越表現，且同樣擁有醫療機構的史丹佛大學為學習標竿，探討我國具代表性的二所國立及二所私立醫學大學在發展「技術移轉」及「衍生新創」事業，對應產業關鍵因素所應具備的資源與能力。本研究並從國家政策、醫學大學機構層級、「產學合作」功能層級三個層面提出發展策略之建議。

Taiwan’s medical universities play an important role in technological innovation policies and biomedical industry policies. For this reason, the government actively loosens relevant laws and regulations and encourages universities to develop “technology transfer” and “start-ups” functions to commercialize research results. Under the education system of our country, universities mostly focus on the achievement of performance indicators and the acquisition of national funding, so that the implementation of education can be consistent with government policy goals. Therefore, the motivation of this study is to achieve A more comprehensive understanding of the national policy, the medical university and its affiliated hospital system, and the biomedical industry, and a complete understanding of the functions and current status of the medical university’s handling of “technology transfer” and “start-ups”. Analyze and discuss the business strategy of universities and academia-industry cooperation business units. This study intends to adopt the Five Forces model (Porter) to analyze the opportunities and threats of the external environment, and to identify the key factors for the success of the development of “technology transfer” and “start-ups” in Taiwan’s medical universities. External analysis requires understanding of three interrelated environments - the industrial environment, the national environment and the macroenvironment. Therefore, this study also uses Porter Diamond model to analyze the competitive advantage of nations and analyze the macroenvironment that affects the competitive forces. This study also identifies the practices of Stanford University through benchmarking, which has outstanding performance in “technology transfer” and “start-ups” and also has affiliated hospital, to explore the resources and capabilities that the two representative national and two private medical universities in Taiwan should have in the development of “technology transfer” and “start-ups” business in response to key factors in the industry. Finally, this study proposes business strategies from three levels - government policy level, medical university level, and “academia-industruy cooperation” functional level in response.