影響雲林地區農民改善經營規模意願之因素

Abstract

台灣因為對農地進行土地改革，例如實施三七五減租、耕者有其田等措施，另外加上傳統多子繼承的制度，長期以來，造成農業面臨耕作經營面積規模小，平均經營面積僅1公頃，使農業生產成本居高不下及與勞動力外移至其他產業。而雲林縣是台灣的農業大縣，除了耕作面積規模小之外，還有農民年齡老化的問題。政府當局採取許多的農業經營調整政策，如小地主大佃農、休耕地活化等等，發揮農業經營的規模經濟，達成降低生產成本，提升農業的競爭力，使農業穩定永續發展。本研究主要目的為了解雲林縣農民對參加農業的結構調整政策意願與看法，提出擴大經營規模之必要性，再透過問卷整理與調查農民對相關改善措施之意向，利用敘述統計分析不同受訪者特性和在不同措施間之參與情形，並利用羅吉斯迴歸模型中探討不同受訪者特性及未來對相關擴大農業經營規模措施之意願。 雲林縣農民的教育程度偏低，擁有農地的所有權觀念下，對釋出農地的意願普遍不高，目前參加小地主大佃農政策的比例也不高，而農民租農地耕作的需求大，農地的租金低廉，但不容易租到大面積的耕地。因此，本研究希望了解目前參與政策的受訪者特性，並深入探析不同特性之受訪者參與結構調整政策之參與機率。因此，透過在未來可能施行之擴大經營規模措施上，本研究探討六項議題：「對改善經營面積須與現在經營農場同一鄉鎮才能獲得獎勵意見」、「對未來相鄰農地共同經營提供相關獎勵之意見」、「對領取相鄰農地共同經營只能種植進口替代之看法」、「是否同意政府對等值或等面積農地交換提供獎勵」、「是否會選擇退休離農」、「是否會參加鼓勵高齡農民將農場由自家子女承接經營」之受訪者意向與其相關背景資料之情況。雖然相關結構調整措施實施多年，受訪者也同意政府部門以推行專區或合作農場方式等擴大經營規模，但惟參與率不高，建議可先在實施相關政策時，對有認同想法之農民先加強輔導後，再讓成功的案例來加強其他農民的信心，吸引更多參與意願。

Because of Taiwan's agricultural land reform,for example,the implementation of three hundred seventy-five rent reduction,land to the tiller,and so on,plus the traditional multi-child inheritance system, for a long time,are resulting in facing small-scale farming in the operational area of agriculture,the average operational area is only 1 hectare which bring about the high cost of agricultural production and the labor force moving outside to other industries. The Yunlin County is a major agricultural county in Taiwan, in addition to small-scale farming area, there is the problem that farmers out there have a tendency to get older.The authority themselves take many agricultural operational adjustment policies, such as small landowners large tenant, fallow ground activation, etc.,elaborate the scale economy of agricultural operation in order to achieve lower productive costs and enhance the competitiveness of agriculture and lead up to the stable and sustainable agricultural development. The main purpose of this research is to understand the willingness and perspective of Yunlin County farmers who participate in structural adjustment of agricultural policies, propose the necessity of expanding the scale of operation, and then through the questionnaire arrangement and inquire farmers intent on improvement measures related to the investigation,utilize the described statistics to analyze the characteristic of different interviewee and the circumstance of involvement among different measures and capitalize on the use of logistic regression models to discuss the different quality of interviewee and the willingness of amplifying the operational scale of agricultural measures in the future. Yunlin County farmers' level of education is low,under the concept of possessing agricultural land ownership,there is generally low willing to release agricultural land,and the ratio of attending the 'small landowners large tenant'policy currently is also low,and the need of farmers leasing agricultural land is large and agricultural land rent is low, but there is no easy way to rent a large-scale arable.Thus,this research is expected to realize the streak of the interviewee who engage in the policy presently and probe the probability of interviewee engaging in structural adjustment strategy whose identity are from stem to stern distinct.Consequently,this research probe six issues as follows through probable implementation measures which will enlarge operational scale: 'the county of the improved operational area must be correspondent with the presently operating ranch to gain the rewarding opinion', 'offer relevant suggestion of award to oncoming adjacent farmland which is cooperative operation',' a views on receiving adjacent farmland which is collaborative operation can only be planted imported substitution',' whether you grant the government's offering reward to equivalent or homalographic farmland exchange', ' whether you will resign from farming', ' whether you are going to encourage elderly farmers to let their children succeed to their undertaking'. Although the pertinently structural adjustment measures has been implemented for many years, the interviewee also agree with the government in promoting special district or cooperative ranches and other ways to expand the operational scale, but the participatory rate is not high, it is recommended that when government carry out relevant policies,it should reinforce the farmers who recognize the thoughts first,and then using the successful case to augment the others faith,attracting more participatory willingness.