安全魚場規範與人工海水小丑魚繁養殖

Abstract

本文研究及針對小丑魚的復育、產業的產銷，並設立安全漁場及標準作業規範，其中包括種魚的培育與篩選、為生物餌料設立嚴格並實際執行的規範，因為繁殖小丑魚在生物餌料是最重要的一關，為了確實掌握產出不受天然因素的干擾，建置人工海水素及密閉式循環過濾以避免感染或傳染源，同時節省場地所要的空間。提出安全模場的目的是給任何有興趣的單位、廠家、創業者，乃至於學術單位參考，作為台灣發展小丑魚的標準模式，如何技術的提升、多元品系，得以研發創新，未來才能應付東南亞的低價競爭及歐美的創新挑戰，當然政府如能進一步改善運輸及航點，並呼籲學術界的參與，未來小丑魚必然是另一個台灣之光。 一般國家針對輸入觀賞魚物種及除遵循華盛頓公約之相關等級規範外，多依據拓殖風險與入侵可能等級採負面表列；而在健康控管上，則參考世界動物衛生組織法規規範，除此之外自2008年起根據歐盟的規定，部分地區或國家則分別藉由建立示範場、安全魚場或具認證制度之註冊場，安全魚場是可將防疫戰線提前至活體生物培育、蓄養與出口前之操作處理等程序與環境。近年國內已開始研發並成功製造人工海鹽，但使用人工海鹽因為比較天然海水再成本上仍較高，多建議使用密閉式過濾循環系統。人工海水最大的優勢是確保繁養殖的成功健康，因為純淨無毒，所以檢疫絕對安全。 而根據King (1975) 陳述了建置海洋生物繁養殖時，可利用封閉式再循環過濾系統，其好處是：可以隔絕大自然的不利影響如颱風、洪荒等及不受人為的汙染；可以應用在遠離海邊的繁養殖場；充分掌控不同的環境變異因子如溫度、鹽度、光週期等；整個系統易於操作；在取樣上極為簡易便利；提供持續穩定性的觀察；可建置不同的系統，卻可統一中央操控；最後則是可以在未經浮游形式污染前優先選擇生物群。以安全魚場的方式規範去建立一個具有可出口及繁養殖的魚場，本研究因此規劃小丑魚繁養殖場規模之建議圖，並參考符合歐盟規格標準規範，以使未來對各國出口小丑魚時能符合各國的檢驗檢疫健康標準。

Considering the clownfish repopulation, harvest, sales and marketing, the focus of this study is to set up quarantine fish farm and standard working process which are including: the brook stocks selecting and rearing; the establishing a strict standard for bio-feeds cultivation which is the most import part of breeding; the intensive recirculation filter system with artificial marine salt used, considering not interfered by natural variables, bacteria and virus, and saving the land cost. The purpose of discourse the quarantine fish farm is try to set up standard mold of rearing clownfish in Taiwan for those who are interested in such as private hobbyist, breeders, dealers, entrepreneurs, scholars, and researching institutes, etc., By upgrading the skills of breeding; enlarging the variety via researching and innovation; the participation of academic institutions; the support of air transportation by the officials government, we could compete with the challenges both from the breeders in South East Asia with the cheaper prices and the breeders in USA with new innovation, then, the clownfish aquaculture will be the star industry in the future for Taiwan. In general, all the countries manage the ornamental fish variety according to the relative Washington Convention such as the Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora stating the list that aren’t allowed to import and export, and the risks of invasion and harmful colonization to the environment. In health aspect, FAO developed the OIE norm and regulation as valuable information sources. The EU established a Health Certificate as importing standard in 2008, some of the countries use the guidelines to reach the health standard by setting up the quarantine fish farm or registered healthy farm. The operating of quarantine fish farm can be used effectively to increase biosecurity and protect virus infection since hatching, rearing, not only at the exporting period. Recently there are some success cases in developing and producing artificial sea salts in Taiwan, for cost consideration, it will be better to utilize re-circulation filter system. The advantages of re-circulation filter system with the artificial sea salts are the health, the biosecurity, and the successful culture. As King (1975), the benefits of utilizing an intensive recirculation filter system in marine biology breeding are to avoid nature disaster such as typhoon, flood and human beings’ pollution; to set up the farm without geographical limitation; to fully control all the environment variables; to operate the system easier; to do the sampling work easier; to provide observation in stable; to set up central operation for different systems; to choose the biology group before being contaminated. Based on the norms and operating guidelines of the quarantine fish farm that can be the capacity to be a exporting and nursery farm, this study programs a clownfish farms in chart with the suggested scale, and makes references from the FAO Technical Guidelines and EU Health Certificate standards. The prospect is our clownfish could meet all the health inspection and quarantine of various countries’ in exporting with the best quality.