道路標線之反光性能規範探討與我國現況之初步分析

Abstract

道路標線的反光性能代表了標線的能見度，其直接反映了標線的效用，更影響道路安全。擴散照明下之輝度係數Qd（ Luminance Coefficient Under Diffuse Illumination）及回歸反射輝度係數RL（Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance）為最常見的標線反光性能指標，前者代表了標線於日間的能見度，後者代表標線於夜間的能見度，而後者又能在細分為標線乾燥、潮溼及下雨中等情形分別探討。又由於夜間的交通事故中，發生致命事故的機率高，標線於夜間的能見度尤為關鍵，回歸反射輝度係數RL可稱為評估標線成效最重要的指標之一。 然而國內標線反光性能成效相關之規範及文獻相當稀少，我國國家標準僅有2015年頒佈之CNS 15834對標線成效進行分級，道路主管機關亦未直接對維持道路安全所需求的標線反光性能訂定驗收或維護標準。 因此本研究進行國內外文獻回顧以及規範整理，以瞭解目前國內外標線反光成效發展之落差，再邀集國內標線廠商以問卷及座談方式瞭解國內標線工程現況，並使用攜帶式回歸反射儀進行標線乾燥及潮濕狀況下之Qd 及RL 現地檢測並分析檢測數據，探討國內線有標線之反光性能成效，最後依文獻回顧、國內現況及現地檢測之結果，提供國內標線反光性能驗收及維護機制之建議，以及標線巡檢人員於夜間目視檢查之訓練構想。

The reflectivity of pavement marking represents its visibility, which not only indicates the effectiveness of marking direclty, but also affects road safety. Luminance Coefficient Under Diffuse Illumination, Qd, and Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance, RL, are the most commonly seen pavement marking reflection index, where Qd refers to the making visibility during daytime, and RL represents the night visibility of marking. Fuher more, RL could be subdivided into dry, wet and raining condition. Also, becuase the traffic accidents during nighttime have a higher probability to be fatal, the nighttime marking visibility is more critical, and RL becomes one of the most important evaluating index of pavement marking performance. However, little specification and research about pavement marking reflectivity performance are done in Taiwan. CNS 15834, published in 2015, was the only standard in Taiwan that metioned marking reflectivity performance, which gave classification of marking performance. Nevertheless, the authority concerned has not established any marking reflectivity performance acceptance criteria which meet the road safety demands. This research first reviewed and integrated the specification and research related to pavement marking reflectivity performance to know the lack in Taiwan, and then learned about the pavement marking constructing situation through questionnaires and interview with firm of pavement marking. Also, tests and analysis for Qd and RL of marking under dry and wet conditions were made respectively with a portable retroreflectometer to comprehend the existing marking situation in Taiwan. Ultimately, an elementary suggestion of pavement marking construction and maintenance management and nighttime inspector training scheme were given for the authority concerned.