農田水利會會費徵收之政經分析

Abstract

農田水利會會費徵收政策實隱含著政治權力與經濟利益之價值與資源分配，並鑲嵌在政治、經濟、社會之複雜結構體中。農民、水利會、地方派系、執政者或在野黨等行為者透過農田水利會會費徵收制度來進行農田水利資源及農村基層組織動員力之分配，在政治及經濟結構體系內，直接或間接產生不同之利害得失關係。各行為者為了自身之生存及發展，以自各具有之政經稟賦，選擇最有利之行為途徑及策略，並促成政策之形成、發展及變遷。 本研究主要以農田水利會會費徵收制度之歷史結構脈絡，擬透過政經分析來探討農民、水利會、地方派系、執政者或在野黨如何以其特定立場及政經稟賦主導各時期之農田水利費用之徵收制度，並利用組織之轉型及法規之制(修)訂變遷發展，來獲取最佳之利益。試圖挖掘問題之根源與核心，並藉由制度之形成、發展演變及改革等過程，釐析特定時空的結構關係與互動過程，期望能給予農田水利組織永續經營之契機。

The policy of the collection of farmland irrigation construction fees conceals political power competition and economic profits allotment. It is inlaid in the complex of politics, economics, and society. Through the fee collection system of the farmland irrigation construction, farmers, the farmland irrigation association, local factions, and rulers or opposition parties are able to allot irrigation resources and mobilization of rural grassroots organizations, which creates direct or indirect stakes in the political economic system. Different actors tend to choose the best action and strategy based on their individual political economy power to facilitate the formulation, development and evolution of policies. In this study, based on the historical context of the fee collection system, through the political economy analysis, how the farmers, farmland irrigation association, local factions, and rulers or opposition parties used the specific concerns and political economy powers to manipulate the fee collection system, the transition of the organization and amendment of regulations to capture the best benefits is discussed. By trying to understand the origin and core of the problems, and the formation, development and evolution of the system, the structured relationship and interaction under specific temporal and spatial context are analyzed, which we expect to bring the possibility for the sustainable management for the farmland irrigation organization.