社會企業創業意圖之研究-以農學院學生為例

Abstract

台灣農業再次引起公眾的關注，包含農業發展與食品安全。將年輕的高素質人才引導至與農業有關的社會企業是解決現有農業困境的關鍵方法。此外，逐步在農村地區組建主流企業將使農業帶動國內經濟的發展。 本文探討同理心、社會責任、社會資本與支持、創業自我效能、人格特質、創業創造力、過往經驗、創業警覺性是否會影響農業院學生之社會企業創業意圖。本研究以量化研究方式，利用線上與線下問卷調查。從台灣四所農業大學中收集有效農學院學生樣本（n = 1,571）進行分析。因素分析總體上與以前的發現一致，並證明了本研究中使用的分量表之因素結構是穩定的。 經過多元迴歸分析，本研究結果指出在社企創業信念方面，搜索和計劃的自我效能對社企創業信念最具正向影響，其次依序為執行的自我效能 、原創創造力、股東觀點(短期利益)、評估與判斷、過往經驗、情感同理心、外向及情感人格特質。而在社企創業準備方面，搜索和計劃的自我效能對社企創業準備最具正向影響，其次依序為執行的自我效能 、評估與判斷、原創創造力、股東觀點(短期利益)、外向人格特質、利益觀點(短期利益)、過往經驗、凝聚社會資本和情感人格特質。 值得注意的是，橋接社會資本，聯繫和聯結，認知同理心和實用創造力則對社企創業信念負向影響，而聯繫和聯結、橋接社會資本、溝通和認知同理心則對社企創業準備負向影響。此外，無論是社企創業信念與準備，誠實謙遜、樂於助人、盡職盡責、開放經驗之人格特質與掃描和搜尋之創業警覺性皆顯示未具有影響力。

Agriculture is once again attracting public attention in Taiwan, following problems in agricultural development and food safety. Guiding young high-quality talents into the industry and initiating agriculture-related social enterprises are perceived to be crucial solutions to the existing agriculture dilemma; moreover, gradually forming mainstream businesses in rural areas would enable agriculture to drive national economic development. This study investigated whether empathy, social responsibility, social capital and support, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, personality traits, creativity, prior experience, and entrepreneurial alertness affect social entrepreneurial intentions among agricultural college students. A quantitative research method was adopted, whereby a survey questionnaire using online and offline channels was employed. Samples of agricultural college students (n = 1,571) were selected (and validated) from four agricultural universities across Taiwan for analyses. The factor analyses generally accorded with previous findings and demonstrated that the factor structures of the subscales used in this study were stable. The multiple regression analysis results indicated that search and planning efficacy was the most prominent factor in social entrepreneurial conviction, followed by implementing efficacy, original creativity, stockholder perspective, evaluation and judgment, prior experience with social problems, affective empathy, extraversion, and emotionality of personality traits. Furthermore, the strongest positive influence on social entrepreneurial preparation was search and planning efficacy, followed by implementing efficacy, evaluation and judgment, original creativity, stockholder perspective, extraversion, stakeholder perspective, prior experience with social problems, bonding social capital, and emotionality of personality traits. Notably, bridging capital, association and connection, cognitive empathy, and useful creativity were revealed to be negatively associated with social entrepreneurial convictions, and association and connection, bridging capital, marshalling, and cognitive empathy were revealed to be negatively associated with social entrepreneurial preparation. No association was identified between social entrepreneurial intention and social entrepreneurial conviction and preparation, honesty and humility, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience of personality traits, or scanning and searching of entrepreneurial alertness.