以NMMO製備再生纖維素與其性質之探討

Abstract

近年來，由於環境意識的抬頭與能源危機，使得石化材料的價格波動不斷，纖維素是個具有潛力，能夠部分取代現今石油原料的可再生性材料。舉凡棉花、針闊葉樹、竹材等木本草本植物中皆含有大量的纖維素，而如此豐富的含量也使得其在利用層面上頗受重視。棉花由於其高純度纖維素特性，是現今最大宗的纖維素來源，但棉花的價格波動甚大，且生產過程中，消耗大量的水資源與環境成本。而相對於棉花而言，竹材具有高生長速度，且纖維長度較長，並富有韌性與光澤，是一種具有高度潛力與成長空間的經濟林種。 現今纖維素的使用方式多為將其轉化為纖維素衍生物以供利用，而轉化的過程中往往形成對環境有害的衍生物。本研究使用對環境傷害小，且溶解過程未形成衍生物，並具有高回收特性的N-甲基嗎晽-N-氧化物 (NMMO) 水溶液作為溶劑，並添加二甲基亞碸 (DMSO) 作為共溶劑，溶解處理後所製作出的差異性商用硫酸鹽麻竹漿，並製作纖維素膜與再生纖維，以此分析在原料成分中，何種特性影響產品的性質最劇。結果發現，聚合度 (DP) 的大小最能影響纖維素膜與再生纖維的的機械性質，較高的聚合度所製作出來的再生纖維其機械強度較高，而高聚合度在纖維素膜中也表現出較佳的延展性。本研究並以商用綿竹溶解漿作為標準材料，分析羅拉轉速，木醣含量，與二甲基亞碸 (DMSO)的添加量對纖維產品的影響，實驗結果發現，高羅拉轉速可得到較為質輕但具強度的纖維，高木糖含量會小幅降低纖維素膜的強度，而二甲基亞碸的添加則可製作出較為柔滑，延展性較佳但強度稍弱的纖維素膜。本實驗亦使用溪頭產之麻竹作為材料，製作國產之竹漿與竹製再生纖維，但以此製作出的再生纖維強度並不如商用竹漿，要製造出高品質的再生纖維素，在製漿與再生纖維製程上仍需改進。

This study used N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) solution as solvent and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as co-solvent, Ma bamboo Kraft pulp was the raw materials to produce regenerated cellulose. In order to know which parameter of material influence the regenerated cellulose product, treated with sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide to obtain pulps with different physiochemical properties. The degree of polymerization (DP) affect the mechanical properties of cellulose films and fibers, the higher DP value supply better mechanical strength for films and fibers. Besides, it also exhibit better scalability in cellulose films. This study also used commercial dissolving pulp as a standard material to analyze the impact of roller speed, xylose content, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The result indicated that high roller speed can obtain relative light but stronger fibers, High xylan would reduce the strength of cellulose films slightly. Films produced with dimethyl sulfoxide produce are relatively smooth and good to elongated, but strength declined. We also used Ma bamboo as raw materials to produce bamboo pulp and cellulose regenerated fibers. The strength and morphology of fibers were worse than commercial bamboo. To manufacture high-quality cellulose products. The procedure of pulping still needs improvement.