荻生徂徠と太宰春台の「礼義」思想研究

Abstract

荻生徂徠是江戶時代著名的儒學學者，也是古學派的代表人物之一，其思想在當時盛行一時。徂徠在他的著作中特別提倡「禮義」的概念，是日本儒學的第一人，而他的學生太宰春台也繼承了他對「禮義」概念的重視。本論文旨在探討荻生徂徠與太宰春台兩人的「禮義」思想，並分析兩人之間的差異性。 本文首先介紹荻生徂徠對於「禮義」的看法以及運用。徂徠不單單在思想上表達對「禮義」的重視，更希望能將這個概念用在實際生活中。事實上，他的最終目標就是希望能運用「禮義」使社會安定、天下太平。因此，｢禮義」的概念可以說是徂徠思想的中心及關鍵。 徂徠之後，本文接著介紹其學生太宰春台對於「禮義」的看法和用途。太宰春台幾乎繼承了徂徠所有的觀點，在其著作中亦提倡徂徠的「禮義」概念及其與安定社會的聯結。相對於徂徠談論廣泛而顯得雜亂的論述，春台的「禮義」思想顯得更濃縮及簡化。雖然表面上看似完全繼承徂徠的思想，但春台著重的層面和見解其實都和徂徠有所分歧，甚至可說已背離徂徠提倡「禮義」真正的目的。兩人的「禮義」思想的差異對之後江戶儒學的發展也產生重要影響。

Sorai Ogyu is a famous scholar in the period of Edo, and is one of the representative figures of kogaku, one of the Japanese Confucianism schools. He is also the first to advocate the concept of “Etiquette and Justice” in the history of Japanese Confucianism. Syundai Dazai, one of the Sorai’s students, inherited his thinking and also put emphasis on the concept of “Etiquette and Justice”. This thesis discusses Sorai’s and Syundai’s view on the concept of “Etiquette and Justice” and analysis their differences. The thinking of Sorai Ogyu on the “Etiquette and Justice” is first introduced. Sorai not only considers “Etiquette and Justice” as a concept, but hopes to practice them in real life. In fact, the ultimate goal of Sorai’s ideology is the realization of a peaceful and stable society through the practice of “Etiquette and Justice”. The ideas are therefore at the core of Sorai’s thoughts. Following Sorai, this thesis introduces Syundai’s view of the concept of “Etiquette and Justice.” Syundai has inherited most of his teacher’s thinking and also advocates for the concept of “Etiquette and Justice” and their benefits to the society in his own works. Compared to Sorai’s broad but sometimes incoherent ideas, Syundai’s narrate is more concise and lucid. Although appearing to follow Sorai, Syundai actually has somewhat different emphasis and perspective and can be said to digress from his teacher’s original purpose. The differences between the Sorai’s and Syundai’s views of “Etiquette and Justice” have affected the later development of Japanese Confucianism.