雙溪低碳旅遊之公私協力模式

Abstract

新北市雙溪區推動低碳旅遊政策時，引入公共政策新治理理論中「公私協力」的經營理念，使政策的推動能更有效達到環境保護和地方經濟發展雙贏之目標。公共政策制定分為研擬、規劃、執行與評估四個階段，然而過去在公共政策制定過程中，大多以公部門為主要政策研擬及規劃者，在政策執行過程中才引入私部門的力量，因此公私協力的研究皆著重於對政策執行的成效。但近年來政府所能運用的預算與資源逐年減少，因此公部門開始於政策研擬階段即引入私部門的能量，協助政府制定合適的公共政策，惟少有研究針對公共政策制定階段中來探討公部門與私部門間的角色扮演與互動關係。 本研究透過檢視雙溪區2009年至2013年的低碳旅遊政策之資料，以及深度訪談與焦點團體座談的結果，探討公私部門於制定低碳旅遊政策時的互動狀況。本研究發現公部門、私部門與第三部門於政策制訂各階段所扮演的角色皆不同，且每階段於公私協力上的著眼點也不同。因此，公部門、私部門與第三部門於推動相關低碳旅遊政策時，可依據本研究之結果，快速掌握於各階段所需扮演的角色，並讓相關利害關係人能夠彼此瞭解對目前政策推動現況與未來可能發展之看法、考量與傾向，並且讓公私協力研究者能更深入瞭解公私部門在公共政策制定各階段之互助合作關係。 本研究更進一步發現，雙溪低碳旅遊政策從研擬、規劃到執行，雖仍不免互有歧見，但各利害關係人以彼此「關係對等」、「共同參與」、「共同利益」、「互信互重」、「透明公開」及「資源分享」之行為準則，使得政策方向與實際營運模式皆朝著預期的政策目標發展，對於雙溪區在生產面、生活面、生態面及社會面上皆發揮正向的影響。

Shuangxi District, a rural area of New Taipei City, has adopted a new business philosophy of “Public-Private Partnerships” in management theory to promote its policy of low-carbon tourism, so that the implementation of its policy could effectively achieve the goal of a win-win situation in both environmental protection and local economic development. The main process of any public policy-making consists of four stages: the initialization, the planning, the implementation and the evaluation. But in the past, the major parts of public policy-making process in initiation and planning were exclusively done by public sectors, while the power of private sectors were introduced later in the implementation stage, thus the studies of the Public-Private Partnership mainly focusing on the effectiveness of policy implementation only. But in recent years with the government budget and resources decreasing, the strength of private sectors is introduced earlier at the initialization stage of the policy making process to assist the government to develop a proper public policy. However, few studies explore the roles played by the public sectors and the private sectors in the development of public policy-making and their interactive relationship. This paper studies the interaction between the public and private sectors at the implementation of the low-carbon travel policy by examining the data of low-carbon tourism policy Shuangxi District has collected from 2009 to 2013, as well as by the in-depth interviews and the results of discussion with focus groups. This paper finds the different roles played by the public sectors, private sectors and the third party in various stages in developing the policy, and their different focus points in each stage of the Public-Private Partnership. Therefore, the public sector, private sector and the third party could take advantage of the results of this paper in promotion of relevant low-carbon tourism policy so as to quickly understand the roles they play in all stages, so that the relevant interested parties of the current policy understand the views, consideration of the current situation and the possibility of future development, as well as that the researchers of the Public-Private Partnership have a better understanding of the relationship between the public and private sectors and mutual cooperation in various stages of the public policy development. The paper also finds that, despite differences occurred at the stages of initiation, planning and implementation of the low-carbon tourism policy of Shuangxi District, all the interested parties follow the principles of 'peer relations', 'mutual participation', 'common interests' 'mutual trust', 'transparency and openness' and 'resource sharing' as the code of conduct, so that the policy and the actual implementation of the business model move towards the expected direction, and bring positive effects to Shuangxi District in production, living, ecology and social development.