美國2012雙邊投資協定範本之標準對台灣的挑戰 －以透明化、投資與環境、投資與勞工等條款研析

Abstract

美國雙邊投資協定範本，內容包括美國對許多重要投資議題難以動搖的立場，為美國展開雙邊投資協定協商時據以談判的文本。因此，倘一國盼與美國展開雙邊投資協定協商，應就該範本協定之要求進行了解，並檢視自身能否能達到美國雙邊投資協定範本的標準。 本文檢視過去美國雙邊投資協定範本的演進，與最新版本與上一版本的差異。且為了解台灣是否能達成新版美國雙邊投資協定範本之標準，本文選擇透明化、投資與勞工、投資與環保條款等社會團體關切之議題，比較與台灣國內相關法規及近期已簽署的經貿協定內容之差異，並發現台灣仍未能完全符合2012年美國雙邊投資協定範本之標準。倘未來台美雙方展開雙邊投資協定協商，美國將可能針對本文發現之差異部分提出要求，台灣相關單位應及早因應，俾台灣加入國際經濟社群。

The U.S. Model BIT, consisting of U.S.’s determined position on several important investment issues, is what the United State of American use while conducting negotiation bilateral investment treaty with other countries. Therefore, a country should understand the BIT if it is interested in launching a bilateral investment treaty negotiation with U.S., and review whether it can meet the BIT’s standards. The research review the evolution of U.S. model BIT and check the difference between its newest and the last edition. In order to find whether Taiwan can meet the BIT’s standards, the research chooses transparency, investment and environment, investment and labor articles which social group might interests, and points out the difference between these articles and Taiwan’s domestic law and the economic agreements Taiwan signed recently. The research finds out that Taiwan cannot fully meet 2012 model BIT’s standards. If Taiwan and U.S. jointly launch bilateral investment treaty negotiation in the future, it is likely that U.S. will ask Taiwan to deal with the difference which the research has found. For Taiwan’s further participation in international economic community, Taiwan government had better deal with these differences in advance.