製造商運用定額信用擔保機制下最佳採購模式之研究

Abstract

中小企業是台灣經濟的中流砥柱，更是吸納就業與平均分配所得的要角。特別是在經濟成長趨緩時，中小企業更能發揮靈活的經營特質，展現穩定經濟及防止企業惡化之功能，但中小企業在營運時常會面臨到一些難題，而其中最大的難題就是資金問題，有時中小企業由於自身信用額度不足，導致貸款融資困難，造成公司因資金不足無法順利運作，有時甚至經營困難導致破產，使整條供應鏈無法順利運行。 有鑑於此，本研究參考信保基金為中小企業推出的火金姑模式，引入製造商為其上游商(中小企業)提供信用擔保，其中，本研究參考保證金質押的模式，使製造商將一筆保證金額存入銀行制定帳戶，當供應商違約時銀行就能動用這筆款項，換句話說就是當製造商願意和銀行共同分攤供應商違約的債務風險時，銀行就較有誘因對供應商提供貸款。 因此，以製造商為信保機制的啟動者，在盡量滿足零售商需求下，追求製造商自身極大化利潤下建立供應鏈採購模型，探討製造商最佳採購決策及利潤，並對重要因子提出敏感度分析並提出結論，希望當未來中小企業有融資需求時，提供一個可運用的模型，作為製造商參考的依據。

Small and medium enterprise (SME) acts as an essential cornerstone in economic development in Taiwan, creating jobs and equally distributed incomes. Especially in times of economic slowdown, SME shows stabilizing the economy and to prevent the deterioration of the businesses, but SME in operation often face some challenges, and the biggest problem is the funding issue, Sometimes SME can’t provide sufficient credit or collateral, so the bank tends to avoid default risks by not lending money to SME, and sometimes even lead to bankruptcy, so that the entire supply chain cannot run. To deal with this problem, a model named“Firefly Counterpart Guarantee”, which is founded by Small and Median Enterprise Credit Guarantee Fund, is introduced in this research. This model works under credit guarantee mechanism: the manufacturer helps its supplier (SME) to have a loan from the bank by offering a pledge capital in the bank account. When the supplier default, bank will be able to use the money, in other words, when the manufacturer is willing to share the default risk with banks, it will have more confidence in loaning. Therefore, the manufacturer is a starter of the credit guarantee mechanism; it should fulfill the retailer’s demand as much as possible. Also, the manufacturer intends to build up supply chain sourcing model to maximize its profitability. The optimal decision under profit maximization is obtained. After sensitivity analysis on important factors is performed, the conclusions and suggestions are made. We believe our model can provide a good solution to industry operations for all parties in the supply chain if credit guarantee mechanism can be applied.