敬業的意義：探索華人工作生活中的道德與倫理實踐

Abstract

本研究試圖開拓一個嶄新的研究主題「敬業」，在華人的日常生活中，常以敬業讚許工作中盡心的人，盡心作為實踐儒家思想的根本，敬業者也可謂在工作生活中實踐儒家理想的人。本研究試圖從三個方面探索這個深刻的文化概念。首先，本研究耙梳儒家經典，確立敬業與儒家內省道德與關係倫理的關聯，推導出敬業的兩個構面：盡己力與盡本份。其次，回顧目前組織行為研究後，我認為研究敬業有助於建立華人自主的學術傳統，敬業一方面而言能整合目前對於華人工作倫理的研究成果，另一方面而言能與西方文獻（如基督新教傳統的Calling）有豐富的對話空間。最後，我設計了一個探索性研究，試圖了解敬業在華人工作生活中的豐富樣貌，以及解決對於評估敬業在理論上的矛盾。在研究方法上，我搜集與分析報紙報導中的敬業新聞，透過多階段的資料分析，本研究提出關於敬業的八個故事線，四個評估的基礎，以及兩個核心的問題。

Variously referred to as “seriousness about tasks” or “respecting the job,” the concept of jingye covers a variety of morally and ethically good ways of working in Chinese contexts. Despite the centrality of jingye to Chinese people’s everyday working lives, the concept exists only on the periphery of organizational behavior literature. In this research, I expect to position jingye as a full member of the organizational behavior lexicon by elaborating on the concept and disentangling its complexities. To establish a deeply contextualized understanding of the concept jingye and its implications, my literature review examines the cultural connotations of jingye. To identify its potential scholarly contributions, I then place jingye within the context of current scholarly conversations regarding organizational behavior. The jingye could facilitate scholarly conversations about the Chinese work ethic, Confucian doctrine as manifested in workplace, and the meaning of work and working. To empirically understand what jingye looks like and resolve the paradox of evaluating jingye, I collected and analyzed rich and real-life stories of jingye. Findings reveal eight storylines and four evaluative frames of reference that answer two core questions around social evaluation of jingye: “Do actors make the most use of themselves?” and “Do actors make their work humanistic?” Our findings advanced understanding by making a contribution to a nascent literature of jingye.