農民參與植物醫師制度之意願分析

Abstract

我國農產產值佔農業部門近一半之比率，由此可見農產產值來源對於農業總 產值具有一定的影響，然而近年來台灣病蟲害有漸趨嚴重之情況，若不對病蟲害 進行適當之防治，將會造成我國250-300 億龐大的農業損失。以往農民都以農藥進 行病蟲害防治，但也由於長期的農藥施用，導致了生態環境的破壞、作物農藥殘 留等問題，故需要有植物醫師來進行適當病蟲害管理以及改善農民用藥習慣。 國內對於植物醫師之相關研究都尚未有深入探討，且大多是以植物醫師制度 為出發點，探討其制度之可能性與效益分析，而鮮少以農民的角度出發，加上目 前國內尚未實施植物醫師制度。故本研究目的為期盼透過問卷訪問的方式，並以 農民為調查對象，蒐集受訪農民的相關背景與對植物醫師制度之意向，探討影響 農民對未來實施植物醫師制度的看法與未來請教植物醫師意願之因素。 本研究問卷發放份數為 156 份，其中有效問卷有154 份，問卷有效率達98.7%， 並將回收之問卷進行資料分析，利用敘述統計與交叉分析探討受訪者特性，實證 模型則透過羅吉特模型與選擇模型進行分析。 實證結果顯示，受訪者農業經營面積越大，越傾向不贊同未來實施植物醫師 制度，聽過植物醫師與需植物醫師解決病蟲害問題之受訪者，較贊同未來實施植 物醫師制度。未來請教植物醫師意願方面，教育程度與農業依存度越低之受訪者， 於未來請教植物醫師的意願較高；居住在中部與東部之受訪者與南部受訪者相比， 較不願意請教植物醫師；慣行農業之受訪者請教植物醫師之意願比非慣行農業型 態還來的低；年齡越高、聽過植物醫師與需植物醫師解決病蟲害之問題之受訪者 較有可能於未來請教植物醫師。 選擇模型實證結果顯示，受訪者顯著偏好於診斷加處方，但對價格具有顯著 的負偏好，本研究亦探討植物醫師組合方案的願付價格，基本(現況)方案的總效益 為負177.25 元，表示受訪者較不偏好基本方案；最佳方案的組合為無毒、診斷加 處方、田間用藥及肥培管理，其總效益為155.1 元，表示受訪者對於最佳方案之願 付價格較基本方案多了332.35 元；而最差方案為慣行、診斷、作物病蟲害診斷， 帶來的效益為負177.25 元。

Over half of Taiwan’s agricultural department is covered by the value of agricultural, as result that the total value of agricultural is influenced by the sources of agricultural output. Unfortunately, Taiwan’s pest diseases is getting worse in recent years, 25 to 30 billion loss will occur if we don’t take action. At past, farmers were using pesticide but cause environmental damage and residue in the long run. Due to this situation, having plant doctor to help farmers making pest management and improving their pesticide habit are needed. Domestic research in plant doctor field does not in-depth so far. Most of the research focus on the system of plant doctor, then analyze the practicability and benefit. Not only the aspect of farmer is seldom in concern, but also the system of plant plant does not exist in Taiwan. So the purpose of this research is gathering interviewee’s background and willingness for setting up the system of plant plant through delivering questionnaire, discussing the factor that will influence the promotion of plant doctor. There are 154 efficient questionnaires in 156 questionnaires delivered from this research, and efficiency up to 98.7%. Process data analysis using descriptive statistic and cross-sectional analysis to discuss the features of interviewee. Logit model and Choice model are used in empirical study. The results indicate that larger the agricultural management acreage, less willingness to approve of plant doctor system in future. On the other hand, the interviewee who heard and need plant doctor are having opposite opinions. Other results as following. Interviewee who has low education and agricultural reliability are more willing to consult from plant doctors, but interviewee in mid and east has lower willingness. Non-conventional farming, elders and the one who have heard plant doctor are more likely to ask for help from the plant doctor. The empirical study of Choice model indicates that interviewee prefer diagnose with prescription, but have negative relation with price. Research also conclude the willingness to pay of plant doctors’ alternatives. Total benefit for basic alternatives is -177.25NTD, shows that it is not a prefer option. The best alternatives is Non-toxic farming, diagnose with prescription and pesticide, fertilize management in fields, which has total benefit equals to 155.1NTD. Willingness to pay is over 332.3NTD than thebasic alternatives. The worst alternatives is conventional farming, diagnose and diagnose of plant disease with 177.25NTD.