風力發電機儲電系統之研製

Abstract

風力發電機已做為綠能被廣泛使用，風力發電機可略分為大型風力發電機及小型風力發電機。大型風力發電機應用範圍有限，而小型風力發電機應用範圍較不受限，且安裝容易及技術投資門檻低。大型風力發電機多應用於集中式發電，而小型風力發電機多為離網獨立使用，例如偏遠地區、路燈、海上船隻。國際上對於小型風力發電機的定義各有不同，而本研究使用之小型風力發電機(Small Wind Turbine)，額定功率為600 W，額定轉速1300 rpm葉片直徑為1.3 m。 由於小型風力發電機多為離網使用的特性，因此儲能設備是必須的，本研究使用鉛酸蓄電池做為儲能設備，然而鉛酸蓄電池老化問題嚴重影響風力發電的用電效率，本研究針對鉛酸電池老化特性提出檢測方法。 由於台北市區風速在3 m/s以下佔有很大的比例，一般小型風力發電機無法有效利用3 m/s以下的微風，因此本研究使用XD-60 DC DC-DC昇壓轉換器(Boost Conveter)來提升風力發電機在3 m/s以下之微風的使用效率。

Wind power generation is widely used. Wind turbines can be classified as either “large-sale wind turbines” or “small- scale wind turbines”. Small-scale wind turbines have less technical limitations than large-scale wind turbines and are also easier to install. Large-scale wind turbines are mostly used for central supplies. Small-scale wind turbines are mostly used for distributed generation. The definition of a small-scale wind turbine differ from country to country. The small-scale wind turbine that used in this study has a power of 600 W, a rotation speed of 1300 rpm and a diameter of 1.3 meters. An energy storage device is important in small-scale wind turbines because of the characteristics of distributed generation. In this study, lead-acid batteries are used as the energy storage device. However, aging in lead-acid batteries significantly affects the efficiency of wind power generation. This study proposes a method to monitor the aging of lead-acid batteries. Wind speeds are commonly less than 3 m/s in Taipei city. However a small-scale wind turbine cannot efficiently.