以投入產出分析法分析台灣漁業部門經濟效益

Abstract

漁業是台灣農業部門中的重要產業之一，歷年統計資料顯示初級漁業部門產值約占台灣初級農業總產值之24.46%。雖然漁業部門的初級產業帶動漁產加工業、營造工程業、漁具製造業、批發零售業與休閒農業等之發展，但其促進其他相關產業發展效果卻少有文獻著墨。因此在進行漁業部門產業發展規劃時，必須瞭解現階段漁業及相關產業對整體經濟之貢獻，才能建構長期漁業發展目標。有鑑於此，本研究利用投入產出分析法，分別由漁業帶動產業發展程度、漁業相關投資計畫、漁業及相關產業附加價值貢獻與固定資產投資等面向，探討我國漁業對整體經濟貢獻，估算結果顯示，初級漁業部門之感應度、影響度及生產乘數效果分別為0.6067、0.9459及1.6264。本研究也針對漁業相關投資計畫進行需求面及供給面分析，衡量對整體經濟之貢獻，估算結果顯示供給面經濟效益大於需求面經濟效益，透過產業波及效果所增加之經濟效益高於政府投資之影響效果。本研究對漁業及相關產業估算之附加價值顯示2006-2011年漁業及相關產業之附加價值對整體經濟貢獻度為1.30-1.43%，高於初級漁業對整體經濟之貢獻度0.23-0.29%，顯示漁業透過產業關聯效益對整體經濟影響程度不容忽視。最後，漁業固定資產投資確實存在時間落後現象，即基期年投資所產生之經濟效益非在基期年為最佳表現。

The fishery played an important role in Taiwan’s agriculture sector. According to the statistics, the primary production value of fisheries accounted for 24.46% of primary agricultural production value in Taiwan. The primary fishery is the supplier of retail sector as well as the consumer of processing industry, wholesale and retail sector, construction, engineering industry, fishing gear manufacturing, and etc. It affects the development of upstream and downstream industries. However, there were few literatures explored its contributions to the related industries. The purposes of the research are to understand the performance of fishery and contruct the long-term development indicators. An input-output analysis is applied to analyze the impacts of investment projects and the fixed assets investment on overall economy. The added value is also estimated for the industry. Our findings suggest that the estimated index of forward linkage, index of backward linkage and the producing multiplier effect of the primary fisheries sector are 0.6067, 0.9459 and 1.6264, respectively. The benefits of investment plan are investigated from both the demand and supply sides. The estimated economic benefits from the supply-side are higher than the demand-side, which implies the output created by improving fishery environment through the industry related benefits is higher than government investment effect. Besides, the value-added of fisheries-related industries contribute to 1.30-1.43% of the economy during the period 2006-2011, which is more than 0.23-0.29% that primary fishery create. It implies the impact by industries linkage on the overall economy cannot be ignored. Finally, the fixed investment of fishery does exists time lag effect, in other words, the best annual economic performance is not in base year.