福島核災事故發生9年後的食品風險感知：以臺灣食品安全相關研究所為例

Abstract

2011年3月11日，日本東北外海發生規模9.0地震，引起的海嘯造成福島第一核電廠毀損，釋出放射性物質汙染土壤、水源及食品。各國政府為維護民眾健康及安全，紛紛提出因應措施。臺灣亦自2011年3月25日起，全面禁止日本5縣（福島、茨城、栃木、群馬及千葉）食品進口。然事件發生迄今已超過9年，從公民投票結果初步瞭解ㄧ般民眾對於議題看法，卻無從得知專業人士之風險感知。為瞭解專業人士對食品安全議題的觀點，本研究透過問卷，瞭解國內食品安全相關研究所師生之風險感知，希望透過專業角度來看待日本福島核災事件，作為後續風險溝通之參考。 本研究採用網路問卷詢問研究對象，問卷內容包含「對福島核災事件後日本食品的風險感知」、「對周邊國家潛在核災事故的風險感知」、「關於放射性、環境中的輻射對健康影響的看法」、「對目前食品安全風險溝通的信心程度」、「食品安全資訊取得、搜尋習慣及教育方式」以及「填答者基本資料」等6個部分，總共30題。 結果共蒐集到70位樣本，大於70%填答者在福島核災事件發生後未曾經拒絕購買日本食品。31.4%填答者認為日本食品會受到放射性物質影響11-50年。如果核災事故再次上演，45.7%填答者認為我國會影響食品安全最大，54.3%填答者認為主要原因為距離近。填答者認為影響我們健康的主要原因是暴露到空氣、雨水、海水和食入受到放射性物質汙染的食物及水，兩者各佔50.0%。整體來說填答者關於放射性、環境中輻射對健康影響的認知程度高，惟「吃高碘食物可以預防輻射產生的疾病。」答對率僅32.9%。 大部分填答者信任政府。40.0%填答者認為政府機構是最信任的資訊來源，其次是食品安全專家。84.3%填答者對日本福島核災事件的資訊感興趣，且80.0%知道衛生福利部食品藥物管理署網站上刊載關於放射性物質汙染食品的資訊。65.7%填答者願意參與政府提供關於放射性物質汙染食品安全教育課程，希望透過教育方式如線上教育。 即使福島核災事件發生迄今已超過9年，對食品安全專業人士而言依然是高關注公共議題，大部分食品安全相關研究所師生對政府抱持信任態度且最信任由政府提供的資訊。本研究瞭解他們的風險感知後，可能影響未來政策及作為後續風險溝通參考。

On March 11, 2011, an earthquake with magnitude 9.0 occurred in the outer sea of Northeastern Japan and the tsunami destroyed Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Lots of radioactive materials were released, and soil, water, and food were contaminated. Several countries around the world, including Taiwan, took some activities to protect people’s health. On March 25, our government banned all Japanese food imports from Fukushima, Ibaraki, Tochigi, Gunma, and Chiba. More than nine years passed, we preliminary understand the public’s views on this issue through the result of the referendum. In order to understand the point of view of the experts focusing on the food safety issue, we try to organize the questionnaire to explore the risk perception of experts from the six graduate institutes of food safety in Taiwan. From a professional perspective, their perception will be as a basis for subsequent risk communication. Our study design is applying survey respondents by using an Internet questionnaire. There are six parts, including risk perception of Japanese foods and potential nuclear accidents in surrounding countries, knowledge questions, confidence in our government, food safety information requirements and search behavior and sociodemographic characteristics, total 30 questions. A total of 70 respondents have been investigated. Over 70% people did not avoid purchasing Japanese foods. 31.4% of people thought that Japanese foods will be affected for 11-50 years in the future. If nuclear accidents occur again in Taiwan, 45.7% of the people thought that Taiwan would have the greatest effect on food safety, and over half of the people (54.3%) answered close distance was the reason. Half of the respondents considered the main reason that affects our health was exposing to air, rain or seawater, the other half of the respondents thought ingesting food or water contaminated with radionuclides. The knowledge of radioactivity, environmental radiation, and health effects was high, except for eating foods with high iodine content for prevention (correct rate = 32.9%). Most of people were confident in our government. Among the information sources, 40.0% of people considered that governmental institutions were the most credible, following by food safety experts. Most of the respondents (84.3%) were interested in different types of food safety information related to the Fukushima accident and 80.0% people knew Taiwan Food and Drug Administration provided large amounts of information related to radioactive contamination of food via various online channels. 65.7% of the people responded they would like to participate in food safety education related to radioactive contamination by the government and the modes of education contain on-line education. Even nine years after the Fukushima accident, it is still a highly concerned public issue among the food safety-related experts. Most of them were confident in our government and believed the information from the government. After knowing their risk perception, it probably will affect banned policies and be as a basis for subsequent risk communication.