公私協力對於新北市庇護性就業服務之影響

Abstract

本文以公私協力的觀點探討新北市庇護工場的設置與經營狀況。在福利混合經濟的服務供給樣態中，公私部門有一定程度的協調合作與資源共享。在本研究中，公私協力觀點主要用於討論在政府契約管理之下，透過業務委外與補助辦理兩種模式，協助民間單位（包含營利企業與非營利組織）籌辦庇護工場，提供庇護性就業與服務。此外，新版身權法通過並施行後，庇護工場由社政改為勞政機關主管，連帶地重視起庇護性員工的勞動保障與工場經營績效；有別於以往非營利組織經營庇護工場較為重視員工之直接服務。導致庇護工場的經營方向與策略需要搭配中央政策與地方財務補助方式進行調整。透過深度訪談取得的質性資料可以獲得研究結論，包含： 營利企業與非營利組織經營庇護工場的理念大有差異，受訪單位中企業經營者多為「補助立案型」庇護工場，強調優先採購、技術取得、庇護員工待遇，以及有較多產業專業人員介入；非營利組織經營者多為「業務委辦型」，且經營理念十分強調與母機構成立宗旨與願景相結合，與企業經營者相比，其較重視直接服務專業的介入，包含社工、心理、諮商等，同時也提供較多服務方案。 主管機關由社政改為勞政主管後，受訪單位大多表示正面評價，其考量之原因為保障庇護員工之勞動條件、可訓練庇護工場獨立運作之能力、重視工場之經營績效與管理。但部分受訪單位也表示，除了勞動保障與重視盈虧外，直接服務的部分也是其考量之重點。這兩個部分都能夠呈顯於政府所頒定之評鑑指標中。 新北市的庇護工場案例顯示了公私協力下，政府管理作為與庇護工場彈性經營的樣態。其特徵包含強制契約管理與非契約性質的彈性協調；勞政主管機關代表公部門，重視勞動保障與事業經營，私部門目前多以非營利組織，且為社會福利服務型的基金會為主進行庇護工場經營，其在社會服務領域承上述具有專業地位優勢，經過契約與補助要點的規範與管理，讓政府與庇護工場的經營者能夠合作協調經營事項，以及共同決定「庇護工場業務持續辦理資格獲得」的評鑑指標等重要制度；新北市政府在契約管理的部分，也兼採外聘督導與委員不定時參訪庇護工場，並且給予輔導意見，而庇護工場也能在公部門承辦人員與外聘督導都在的場合中，提出經營問題共同討論；另外，新北市政府也替庇護工場尋求更多行銷管道，有助於庇護工場之經營。 本研究於最後也提出相關具體建議，供政策與實務參酌。包含與企業進行更多技術合作，並朝向社會企業的方向發展，同時也應提出庇護工場的退場機制，以利自負盈虧的原則下，能有更圓滿的處理依據。

This public-private synergy Perspective New Taipei City's sheltered setting operating conditions. Mixed economy of welfare service provision like state, the public and private sectors have a certain degree of coordination and cooperation and resource sharing. In the present study, a third point of view is mainly used for private and public discussion in the government under the management contract, and grants through business outsourcing handle two modes to help private organizations (including for-profit businesses and non-profit organizations) organizing sheltered workshops, providing sheltered employment and services. In addition, the new body right after the law was passed and implemented, sheltered by a government agency to the competent labor administration authority, sheltered from the joint attention to labor protection and workshop employees operating performance; different from the previous non-profit organization run more emphasis on sheltered workshops direct service staff. Sheltered workshops led business direction and strategies need to match the central and local financial subsidy policies to be adjusted. New Taipei City's sheltered case shows the public-private partnership, the government and the asylum facility management as a kind of state-run elasticity. Characterized contain the mandatory contract management and coordination of non-contractual nature of elasticity; labor administration authority on behalf of the public sector, emphasis on labor and social security and career management, the private sector is now mostly non-profit organizations, and the type of social welfare services mainly for the Foundation sheltered workshops operate in the field of social services with professional status Order of advantages, through contracts with the main points of the specification and management of grants, the Government and the sheltered workshop operators to co-coordinating operational matters, as well as jointly decided 'sheltered workshops and business continuity of qualification get 'rubric and other important systems; New Taipei City Government in contract management part, adopting both the external supervisory visits from time to time with the members sheltered workshops and counseling advice, and sheltered workshops contractor personnel in the public sector and external supervisors are occasions, to discuss business issues raised; addition, the New Taipei City Government is also seeking more sheltered workshop for marketing channels to help sheltered workshops operating.