虛幻與真實交織的電影迷宮：以大衛林區的《內陸帝國》為例，論電影音樂建構的敘事空間

Abstract

在電影音樂的研究領域裡，美國導演大衛林區運用音樂的方式一直備受矚目，一些學者指出，他運用音樂的方式，無法被傳統分析中定義音樂與故事世界關係的方式 — 亦即用劇情音樂、非劇情音樂界定的途徑所定義，而林區也藉由音樂，將劇情與非劇情間的模糊地帶加以強化。然而，由於缺乏更進一步的結構性分析，這些研究並沒有清晰指出音樂元素是如何在這過程間發展的。在本論文中，我將結合和聲與音色的分析，與克勞蒂亞・郭柏曼(Claudia Gorbman)、米歇爾・西昂所開發的方法，探索林區在影音結構上所達到的成就。我選擇林區的《內陸帝國》(Inland Empire, 2006)作為我的研究對象，這是因為這部電影有著特別的聲軌製作背景。在這部電影中，許多場景源自於導演自己創作的音樂，而這些音樂也構築出特別的電影空間，來讓觀眾迷失在現實與虛幻的迷宮當中。我會試圖以下列兩個議題來探索：(1) 音樂空間與敘事空間。我將探索觀眾如何基於對音樂結構的感受，想像出專屬於聲響的空間。(2) 音樂的詛咒與詛咒的音樂。我將採取不同的分析途徑，去探索詛咒 —這個電影中的核心動機— 是如何透過林區創作的音樂來展現其自身的力量。我希望我能發現音樂如何連接不同電影空間、如何造成時空的不穩定、如何造成劇情與非劇情間的模糊、以及如何對以虛實交錯為主題的敘事結構造成影響。

How American director David Lynch uses music in his film has been popular in film music research area. Some scholars mentioned that his music challenged the traditional path, diegetic and non-diegetic music, which defined the relationship between music and the world in story, and they showed that music emphasized the blurring space between these two zones. However, these investigations didn’t show us clearly how music works in this blurring space because these discussions need more structural analysis to present the process which musical elements develop. In this thesis, I combined the analytic methods in harmonic and timbre, and the methods developed by Claudia Gorbman and Michel Chion to explore the structural achievement Lynch made in his film. Lynch's Inland Empire was selected to as a research subject due to the special background in soundtrack production. In this film, many scenes arose from the music which the director composes, and this music creates a special cinematic space to let the characters get lost in the labyrinth of dream and reality. I investigated through the following two topics : (1) Musical space and narrative space： To explored how the sonic space imagined by spectators based on the feeling of musical elements, and explore how this imagined sonic space participates in the construction of cinematic space. (2) Musical curse and cursed music： By taking different approaches in analysis to explore how the curse, the core motive in the film, shows its power through musical space created by Lynch. I discovered how music connected with various places in film, causing the instability in time and space, blurring the boundary between diegetic and non-diegetic music, and making the impact on the narrative structure in the theme of illusion-reality.