電子化更年期健康篩檢系統之實作與資料分析

Abstract

更年期是指婦女卵巢生理機能逐漸減退以致完全喪失的這段過渡時期，停經是指一年以上沒有月經。我國婦女平均停經年齡一般是 48-50 歲左右，大約有二到五年的時間，女性體內會產生因停經而來的生理變化，心理的自我影像會跟著改變，社會關係與角色也面臨新的轉變。國內婦女的平均壽命逐年在增加。在 1940 年以前，更年期並非是一個重要的議題，因為當時婦女的平均壽命很短。但到了 2000 年，婦女的壽命可以超過 80 歲，大多數婦女三分之ㄧ的人生時間是在更年期之後度過。 在停經前後幾年，婦女因為荷爾蒙分泌不足，常會有生理與情緒方面不適的情形，如臉部潮紅、夜汗、心悸、失眠、情緒不穩定、皮膚萎縮、陰道乾澀或發癢、尿道黏膜萎縮造成尿道炎及尿失禁等症狀，稱為更年期症狀。這些症狀大部份會在幾年內消失，但長期缺乏雌激素，還可能與尿失禁、骨質疏鬆、心臟血管疾病等病症之發生有關，根據民國91 年國民健康局三高訪問調查發現：女性在更年期後高血壓、高血糖、高血脂的罹患率顯著攀升，對婦女健康及生活品質產生重大影響。 而在歷經更年期階段之婦女最常遇到的問題就是不確定感，不確定是否自己已經正在經歷更年期轉變的階段。而常常因為身體所帶來的不確定感而浪費了許多時間於徘徊尋醫生求診之中，而確定了更年期症狀又難以有專業之醫療人員給予量身訂做之衛教資訊。對於針對個別的症狀希望能給予相對應的改善方式，而這些可能都因醫護人員作業手續繁雜，亦或是求診時間有限而無法得到相當的衛教資訊。 所以在此研究中所實做一套更年期篩檢系統，目標是希望能夠藉由科技日新月異之下透過簡單的使用瀏覽器(Browser)，能夠在隨時(anytime)、隨地(anywhere)、任何設備(anydevice)的環境之下，能夠幫助醫護人員快速的篩檢出個案婦女相對應的症狀是否有可能正在歷經更年期階段；而對於個案婦女而言，如果有系統是可以簡單操作並且即時性的給予量身訂做的衛教資訊，更能夠得到專業的衛教資訊，並且能夠對自己的症狀和其他疾病的風險因子能夠有更伸一步的了解。 在此研究所實做的系統之重要分為三個階段：系統前端實做、後台資料分析與建構、專業醫療人員進一步之改進方案。而此篇研究中主要對於個案資料的分析以及轉換對應衛教資料實做了相對應的演算法，此乃經由台北健康護理大學博士班學生李佩珊同學提供之醫療資訊，並且對於各個衛教資料有嚴謹的醫療背景當做支撐。

Menopause refers to women of ovarian physiological functions gradually decline resulting in complete loss of the period of transition. In Taiwan, women have an average age of menopause is usually about 48-50 years old. About two to five years, the female body will produce from the physiological changes due to menopause, psychological self-image will change with the social relations and roles are also facing new transformation. The average life expectancy of women in the country is increasing year by year. In 1940, menopause is not an important issue, because women's average life expectancy is very short. But in 2000, life expectancy for women over 80 years of age, the majority of women-third of the life time is spent after the menopause. Stage of the women after menopause, the most common problems encountered is the sense of uncertainty, not sure whether they have is going through menopause transition stage. Often because of the uncertainty brought about by the body to waste a lot of time in wandering to find a doctor being, identified menopausal symptoms is difficult to professional medical personnel to give tailored health education information. For individual symptoms can be given that corresponds to the improvement of these may be due to the medical staff operating procedures are very complicated, or time of visit is limited and cannot get a considerable health education information. Therefore, in this study implements a set of menopause screening system, the goal is to under by the advancement of technology through the use of simple browser, can at anytime, anywhere, any device under the environment, can help the medical staff quickly screening out cases of women corresponding to the symptoms may be gone through menopause stage; for the case of women, if the system is a simple operation and instant given tailored, professional health education information, and be able to have more understanding extension step of their symptoms and risk factors for other diseases. The importance of this institute implement the system is divided into three stages: the front of the system, backend data analysis and construction, professional medical staff to further improve the program. This experience is mainly for the analysis of case data and convert the corresponding health education implement the algorithm that corresponds to the medical information which was provided through the National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science PHD student Li Peishan students and various educational materials rigorous medical background as a support.