企業眾包專案的成功因素 - 以三家藥廠為例

Abstract

近年來，製藥產業的研發生產力持續下滑；本研究藉由探討「開放式創新」與「眾包」兩種創新模式，試圖找出製藥產業如何藉此二者解決其所面臨的困境。除了介紹兩個創新模式的理論背景及定義之外，本研究以Eli Lilly、Bayer HealthCare以及GlaxoSmithKline三家藥廠的開放式創新專案作為個案研究的對象。 本研究首先查明每個專案是否具有讓開發藥物的知識在製藥產業內達到更有效率分配的潛力。接下來，本研究將一一辨識開放式專案中的成功因素，例如對外部研究員提出的挑戰之定義與溝通方式的明確性、平台的選擇、新概念對內部的營銷以及其與內部研發的整合。 此外，本研究也將探討企業在進行開放式創新的時最常遇到的挑戰，例如知識產權保護和數據的標準化，並提供一系列有助於預測或解決這些困難的建議。 綜合上述，開放式創新與眾包兩項創新模式未來可能會扮演復興藥物開發的關鍵角色，而這些模式在未來可能被應用在設計更具生產力的研發模式上。

This study examines current changes in the pharmaceutical industry’s innovation model. In recent years, pharmaceutical R&D productivity has been declining, forcing companies to search for new sources of innovation and cooperate with external partners. More traditional remedies to the innovation crisis include the sourcing of external knowledge through alliances, as well as partnering and licensing agreements with biotech companies. But one of the most promising novel approaches is open innovation, which allows pharmaceutical companies to exchange knowledge with external researchers without entering any form of long-term binding agreement. This thesis employs the case study approach to examine three pharmaceutical open innovation initiatives and determine the factors that may contribute to a project’s successful implementation. Data collected concerns the objectives and implementation of each project, as well as incentive creation, IP protection mechanisms, and interaction with external researchers. Specifically, the study seeks to determine the impact of the following factors: (1) a firm’s ability to attract external knowledge, (2) the effective recombination of internal and external knowledge, (3) the appropriate choice of inbound vs. outbound open innovation models, (4) the preconditions of inbound and outbound innovation models, and finally (5) the organizational arrangements of an open innovation project. The findings indicate that successful implementation of open innovation primarily depends on a firm’s ability to identify the appropriate implementation model for its project, attract complementary external knowledge, and effectively recombine this knowledge with internal resources. Open innovation shows the potential to supplement pharmaceutical companies’ in-house drug development efforts and may contribute to resolving the industry’s innovation challenge in the future.