有限資源下之可靠度分析與維護排程探討─以電廠幫浦為例

Abstract

由於國內電價即將調漲，電廠的管理問題備受重視與討論。事實上，在安全與成本雙重考量下，如何為電廠訂定一合理維修策略本來就是一個很重要的議題。傳統上，複雜的維護規劃主要在尋求高層次的可靠度、可用度、維護度和低成本，只考慮到測試和維修時間，而忽略了維修資源的影響，此維修資源通常包括維修設備與可投入維修人員的數目。為了講求與實務一致，我們在可靠度與維護度分析時，需要將維修資源視為一重要參數來探討，同時考慮此參數失效對維護策略釐定的影響。就此，本研究以通用等候理論為分析依據，並以國內某一電廠內的幫浦為案例，配合真實失效資料，以系統化方法建構電廠幫浦之可靠度分析模式，先分析系統失效情形，再考量維修資源對分析結果的影響；同時，我們也分析幫浦之生命週期成本，以決定最佳維修資源數量；最後，我們探討電廠幫浦之最佳維護排程，期能在兼顧電廠安全與營運績效下，提升幫浦之可用度。根據計算的結果，本研究主要結論為適當地增加維修資源數量和施行預防維護對幫浦的績效確實有正面的影響，代表考慮維修資源帶來的影響和施行預防維護有其必要性。

The power-plant management issues have recently attracted intensive attentions and discussions owing to the raise of electricity tariff. In fact, planning a reasonable maintenance strategy under the dual consideration of safety and cost has always been an important task for a power plant. The traditional complex maintenance plan is to search for high-level reliability and availability at a reasonable cost by taking into account only the testing and maintenance time. It ignores the impact of maintenance resource which, in general, includes maintenance equipment and numbers of maintenance personnel. In order to be consistent with real practices, one can consider maintenance resource as an important factor in the reliability and maintainability analysis of power plants and take its failure into account in planning a maintenance strategy. Under this consideration, the present thesis applies queueing theory to analyze the real failure data of pumps of a domestic power plant. The result is then used for constructing a more complete reliability model taking into account the factor of maintenance resource. The life cycle cost of pump is also taken into consideration to determine the optimal amount of maintenance resources. An optimal maintenance scheduling of pumps is proposed based on the result of analysis. The result of this thesis indicates both the increase of maintenance resource and the implementation of preventive maintenance really have positive impacts on pumps performance. Therefore, the consideration of maintenance resource and implementation of preventive maintenance is strongly suggested for a plant.