旅遊碳足跡之研究－以溪頭自然教育園區為例

Abstract

隨著國民生活水準之提升，觀光休閒旅遊已成為現代人類生活重要之一環。然而在旅遊過程中對環境也會產生負面衝擊與影響，主要包含能源的耗用與環境污染。在能源耗用方面，碳足跡是一個常被用來評估旅遊行為的能源耗用情形。碳足跡為一項服務以及產品的整個生命週期過程所直接與間接產生的二氧化碳排放量，故本研究依據以生命週期法，將遊客自不同出發地(臺北、臺中)至溪頭自然教育園區旅遊行為分為兩大部分：交通階段及旅遊活動階段，其中旅遊活動階段中分為園區活動、飲食及住宿三部分。收集溪頭自然教育園區歷年遊客人數與園區能源消耗量，以及鄰近地區旅館業2009年9月至2010年9月為主之旅客住宿量、旅館耗用各種能資源數據資料，計算得出旅客人均碳排放量後以單因子變異數分析進行統計分析。 研究結果得知：(1)溪頭自然教育園區遊客會受季節影響，夏季為旅遊旺季，冬季為淡季。(2)旅遊生命週期中交通為主要碳排放來源，自臺北出發旅客依不同交通選項，其交通碳排放量為14.61-47.98kg CO2。其中以搭乘高鐵與公車碳排量最低，其次為搭乘遊覽車，個人自行開車最高；自臺中出發之旅客碳排放量為5.17-13.54kg CO2，搭乘遊覽車碳排量最低，自行開車最高。(3) 平均每人每晚住宿大型旅館用電碳排量為18.73kg CO2、中型旅館為8.48kg CO2、小型旅館為5.41kg CO2。最後，基於研究過程中，關於住宿的相關數據獲得不易，特針對住宿碳排放數據設計記錄表格，做為未來住宿碳排放數據收集依據，以期能更完整分析旅遊碳足跡。

With the improved standard of national life, tourism and leisure tourism has become one important part of modern human life. However, in the process of tourism will have a negative impact on the environment and influence, consists mainly of energy consumption and environmental pollution. In terms of energy consumption, carbon footprint is often used to assess travel behavior of the energy consumption situation. Carbon footprint is a labor and throughout the product life cycle process by direct and indirect emissions of carbon dioxide (Wiedmann and Minx, 2008), therefore, basis of the research life cycle approach, tourists from different departure (Taipei, Taichung) to Xitou Nature Education Area’s travel behavior is divided into two parts: transport stage and tourism activities stage, the stage of tourism activities are divided into three parts of the park activities, diet and accommodation. Collect relevant data of Xitou Nature Education Area and adjacent areas of hotel industry during September 2009 to September 2010 as main amount of visitor accommodation, hotels consume a variety of energy resources data, calculated per passenger carbon emissions by one-way ANOVA analysis for statistical analysis. The final results indicated that: (1) Visitors of Xitou Nature Education Area will be affected by seasonal effects, summer is the tourist season, while winter is off-season, (2) Traffic is the main source of carbon emissions in tourism life cycle, visitors from Taipei according to the different transport options, emissions 14.61-47.98kg of CO2. Taking high-speed rail and bus has minimum carbon emissions, followed by is tour bus, and the highest is personal driving; visitors from Taichung emissions 5.17-13.54kg CO2, taking tour bus has the lowest carbon emissions, tourist who driving alone is the highest. (3) The average per person per night accommodation of a large hotel in electricity carbon emissions is 18.73kg CO2, 8.48kg CO2 of medium-sized hotels, and small hotel is 5.41kg CO2. Finally, based on the course of the study, relevant data on accommodation is not easy to collect; we designed for residential carbon emissions data record forms, as the future accommodation of carbon emissions data collected in accordance with a view to a more complete analysis of travel carbon footprint.