企業專利檢索範疇與技術多角化對創新績效之影響

Abstract

在現代高度競爭與動態變化的環境當中，企業往往必須十分重視其在創新活動下挹注的投資，管理人更是面臨許多挑戰與重大決策議題。對產出專利的創新活動是否持續精進，更是維持企業競爭優勢的關鍵。 本研究將探討發展技術多角化、檢索範疇，配合現有吸收能力對於公司創新績效的關聯效果分析。本研究以電子電機零組件產業為例，結合美國由專利當局USPTO與研究機構WRDS所建置的兩大NBER與Compustat 資料庫，對次級資料進行迴歸分析，選取223家企業為樣本，研究範圍並包括其49,115筆專利與348,707的相關專利引證資料。研究結果顯示，技術多角化與企業的創新績效呈現倒U關係，檢索範疇則對創新績效有負向影響，然而，企業的吸收能力卻在當中扮演調節變數的要角，正向的強化了技術多角化的倒U效果，也減輕了檢索範疇對創新績效的負向影響。 本研究的最後並提供了管理意涵，包括基於知識基礎觀點與資源基礎觀點，企業如何運用於管理實務上作探索與利用的發展，並進一步決定策略佈署，最後提供相關研究限制與未來研究方向作為建議。

In the highly competition and dynamic environment, as the corporations make up their mind to build up the innovative activities, some challenging questions come to the executives. The continuously progressive to generate patent innovations is critical to the competitive advantages of the firms. This study examines the effects of technology diversification, search scope, absorptive capacity, and innovation performance. Comprehensive secondary dataset of electronic and electric territories are abstracted from the combination of NBER and Compustat, collected by the USPTO and WRDS in the U.S.. The overall sample size is 223 firms, which applied and granted 49,115 and 348,707 related citations. From the research results, an inverse U-shaped relationship is indicated to the relationship between innovation performance and technology diversification. In the contrary, the negative effect on innovation performance is caused by the search scope increasing. Moreover, the absorptive capacity is recognized to moderate the U-shaped of technology diversification positively, but interact with search scope negatively. The moderating role of organizational slack is recognized and absorbed slack positively Managerial implications and future research directions are discussed, and highlighted in the end.