白术、茅蒼术、蒼耳子中之毒性化合物--蒼朮苷的減毒研究

Abstract

蒼术苷(atractyloside, 簡稱ATR)是存在於許多菊科植物中的二萜醣苷(diterepenoid glycoside)天然物，而這類植物常使用於中藥材或一般食物中。蒼术苷是一種致命的劇毒性物質，會造成人類及畜養動物之腎小管或肝細胞肝小葉中心壞死。本研究為運用氣相層析質譜法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry，GC-MS)分析藥用菊科植物茅蒼术(Atractylodes lancea)，白术(Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz)及蒼耳子(seed of Xanthium strumarium)中存在之毒性化合物--蒼术苷經過熱液處理後，該化合物分子的穩定性及含量變化，並以細胞實驗，驗證熱液處理茅蒼术，白术及蒼耳子萃取液對細胞毒性與活性的影響。質譜分析結果顯示，酸化及水加熱處理可以破壞蒼术苷的化學穩定性，進一步有效地降解其對細胞所造成的毒性。本研究針對傳統中草藥在使用安全上，提出合理的解釋與應用熱液處理的方式。

Atractyloside (ATR) is a diterpenoid glycoside and occurs naturally in Asteraceae plants, many of which are used in foods and ethnomedicines. The toxicity of ATR has caused fatal renal proximal tubule necrosis and/or centrilobular hepatic necrosis in man and farm animals. A GC/MS screening method was optimized to detect the presence of ATR in Atractylodes species which are important herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine. The stability and hydrothermal detoxification of ATR in practical processing were also evaluated quantitatively by chromatographic analysis. In addition, the effects of hydrothermal detoxification of ATR from different processing methods on cell viability were investigated. The results suggest that degradation of ATR is a way to increase pharmaceutical safety for the Chinese medicinal industries.