影響台灣發展進口替代雜糧作物的關鍵因素

Abstract

進口替代雜糧作物為我國重要的糧食，同時也是畜牧業中動物的主要飼料來源，然而台灣的雜糧自給率低，大多仰賴國外進口，另一方面，台灣的稻米種植面積大，隨著國人飲食習慣的改變，稻米的消費量逐年下降，面臨稻米產量過剩的問題，政府每年也花費大量金額補貼稻米，雜糧和稻米之間為競合關係。故本研究之目的在於分析影響台灣發展進口替代雜糧之評估考量，並進一步以層級分析法將農民、政府官員、學者及研究單位的研究員等各個領域之意見統整，以期作為未來政府實施政策時的參考。 本研究根據過去相關文獻及政策背景建立初步層級架構，再與專家討論後對層級架構進行修正，本研究將影響台灣發展進口替代雜糧之考量因素分為三個層級，層級一為研究目標，層級二則分為五個構面，分別為經濟誘因、田間管理、栽培技術、區位及氣候以及政府政策及協助，在這五個構面下又涵蓋多個考量因素。以修正後之層級架構設計問卷後，接著對各個不同領域的受訪者進行問卷調查，並計算各個因素的權重，再依照權重做重要性排序。研究結果顯示，層級二的權重結果中，依照重要性排序分別為「經濟誘因」、「政府政策及協助」、「區位及氣候」、「田間管理」、「栽培技術」。在經濟誘因下，全體受訪者認為「獲利」最重要，其次為「政府補貼」。在政府政策及協助下，全體受訪者認為「通路媒合」最重要，其次為「競爭作物補貼」。

Import alternative field crops are important food in Taiwan, and they are also the main source of feed for animals in animal husbandry. However, the low self-sufficiency rate of crops in Taiwan is mostly dependent on imports from abroad. On the other hand, the planted area of rice in Taiwan is large, as the dietary habits of the Taiwanese people changes, the consumption of rice is declining year by year, facing the problem of overproduction of rice, the government also spends a large amount of money each year to subsidize rice, and there is a competitive relationship between crops and rice. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the evaluation considerations that affect Taiwan development of import alternative field crops, and further integrate the opinions of farmers, government officials, scholars, and researchers in research units with Analytic Hierarchy Process, to serve as a reference for future policy implementation by the government. This study establishes a preliminary hierarchical structure based on relevant literature and policy background in the past, and then revises the hierarchical structure after discussion with experts. This study divides the consideration factors that affect Taiwan development of import alternative field crops into three levels. Level one is the research goal and level two is divided into five elements, including economic incentives, field management, cultivation techniques, location and climate, government policies and assistance. Under the five elements of level two, multiple considerations are included. After designing the questionnaire with the revised hierarchical structure, then we conducted a questionnaire survey on respondents in various fields, and calculated the weight of each factor, and then sorted the importance according to the weight. The research results show that the weight results of level two are ranked according to importance as 'economic incentives', 'government policies and assistance', 'location and climate', 'field management', and 'cultivation techniques'. Under the economic incentives, all interviewees believed that 'profit' was the most important, followed by 'government subsidies.' With government policies and assistance, all interviewees believed that 'channel matching' is the most important, followed by 'competitive crop subsidies.'