道法與宗法： 杜光庭《墉城集仙錄》女性倫理觀之考察

Abstract

本文題為「道法與宗法：杜光庭《墉城集仙錄》女性倫理觀之考察」，主要目的有三：其一，揭示中古道教如何與宗法社會倫理相互區別、模擬、競爭、合作，進而形成橫跨地域、階級的特殊人際社群，建立教派的倫理論述；其二，在道教與宗法社會競合的背景下，探討中古女性出入兩種社群的能動性；其三，為宗教文學研究提供新的可能。 第一章緒論，說明論題、研究動機、前人研究述略、研究方法與限制。第二章考辨《墉城集仙錄》五種版本與著作性質，比較〈序〉文與前代仙傳的書寫異同，並揭示貫串全書的敘事結構，指出杜光庭旨在回應開劫度人、仙真濟世的意旨，進而尊崇道法，樹立宗教權威；第三章探討《墉城集仙錄》中母女神譜的書寫策略，觀察中古時期流傳的母女仙譜，如何為杜光庭仿效、轉化為教內的師徒倫理；第四章從女性的職能書寫切入，說明杜光庭如何透過編改女仙為妻的職能，將傳遞父系血脈的妻職，轉化為傳承道術的女仙典範；第五章則關注唐世女道的社會影響力，比對《列女傳》、《女誡》、《墉城集仙錄》、地方志、唐墓誌中對於唐代女性學習、掌握、詮釋知識的記載，說明道教有別於宗法社會的倫理規約，賦予了女性掌握宗教知識社群的能力。第六章結論，總承前論，指出在道法、宗法的競爭與合作中，道教提供的知識網絡，乃是中古修道女性能動性之所繫。

This article entitled ' Doaist orthodoxy and Patriarchal system: On Gender and Ethical Ideas in Du Guan Ting’s Yong Cheng Ji Sian Lu（墉城集仙錄Records of the Assembled Transcendents of the Fortified Walled City）' has three main aims: First, it reveals how Taoism differs from patriarchal social ethics, how Daoism establish ethical discourses for its communities; secondly, to explore the dynamics of women transfer between Daoist communities and patriarchal society; and third, to explore new research methods for religious literature. The first chapter is an introduction, which explains the topics and meanings, motives, predecessors' research, research methods and restrictions. The second chapter examines the five editions and writing purpose of Yong Cheng Ji Sian Lu. The third chapter discusses the mother and daughter's divinity in the Yong Cheng Ji Sian Lu .To prove Doaism copy and transfer Patriarchal system as Doaist orthodoxy. The fourth chapter explains how Du Guangting transformed wife's role and duty in Taoism to estanblish Doaist orthodoxy. The fifth chapter focuses on the religious knowledge and social influence of the Tang Dynasty female. The sixth chapter concludes that the knowledge network provided by Taoism enable female to get more agency before they did in Patriarchal system.