請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/1110
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 李佳穎 | |
dc.contributor.author | Jou-An Chung | en |
dc.contributor.author | 鍾柔安 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-05-12T09:32:43Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2018-08-13 | |
dc.date.available | 2021-05-12T09:32:43Z | - |
dc.date.copyright | 2018-08-13 | |
dc.date.issued | 2018 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2018-08-10 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Barkley, C., Kluender, R., & Kutas, M. (2015). Referential processing in the human brain: An Event-Related Potential (ERP) study. Brain research, 1629, 143-159.
Bever, T. G. (1970). The cognitive basis for linguistic structures. Cognition and the development of language, 279(362), 1-61. Chao, Y. R. (1965). A grammar of spoken Chinese. Univ of California Press. Chen, B., Ning, A., Bi, H., & Dunlap, S. (2008). Chinese subject-relative clauses are more difficult to process than the object- relative clauses. Acta Psychologica, 129(1), 61-65. Chen, R. (1995). Communicative dynamism and word order in Mandarin Chinese. Language sciences, 17(2), 201-222. Chen, W. F., Chao, P. C., Chang, Y. N., Hsu, C. H., & Lee, C. Y. (2016). Effects of orthographic consistency and homophone density on Chinese spoken word recognition. Brain and language, 157, 51-62. Chomsky, N. (1995). The minimalist program (current studies in linguistics 28). Cambridge et al. Chomsky, N. (2000). Minimalist inquiries: The framework (MITOPL 15). Step by step: Essays on Minimalist syntax in honor of Howard Lasnik, 89-155. Clifton, C., Speer, S., & Abney, S. P. (1991). Parsing arguments: Phrase structure and argument structure as determinants of initial parsing decisions. Journal of Memory and Language, 30(1), 251. Dryer, M. S. (1992). The Greenbergian word order correlations. Language, 81-138. Frazier , L.( 1987 ). Sentence processing: A tutorial review . In M. Coltheart , (Ed.), Attention and performance XII. Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc . Frazier, L., & Clifton Jr, C. (1996). Construal. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Frazier, L., & Fodor, J. D. (1978). The sausage machine: A new two-stage parsing model. Cognition, 6(4), 291-325. Garnsey, S. M., Pearlmutter, N. J., Myers, E., & Lotocky, M. A. (1997). The contributions of verb bias and plausibility to the comprehension of temporarily ambiguous sentences. Journal of Memory and Language. Gibson, E. (1998). Linguistic complexity: Locality of syntactic dependencies. Cognition, 68(1), 1-76. Gibson, E. (2000). The dependency locality theory: A distance-based theory of linguistic complexity. Image, language, brain, 95-126. Greenberg, J.H. (1963). Universals of language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Hagoort, P., Brown, C., & Groothusen, J. (1993). The syntactic positive shift (SPS) as an ERP measure of syntactic processing. Language and cognitive processes, 8(4), 439-483. Hawkins, J. A. (2004). Efficiency and complexity in grammars. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ho, Y. (1993). Aspects of discourse structure in Mandarin Chinese. Lewiston, NY: Mellon University Press. Hsiao, F., & Gibson, E. (2003). Processing relative clauses in Chinese. Cognition, 90, 3–27. Keenan, E. L., & Comrie, B. (1977). Noun phrase accessibility and universal grammar. Linguistic Inquiry, 8, 63–99. King, J. W., & Kutas, M. (1995). Who did what and when? Using word-and clauselevel ERPs to monitor working memory usage in reading. Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 7(3), 376-395. Kutas, M., & Federmeier, K. D. (2000). Electrophysiology reveals semantic memory use in language comprehension. Trends in cognitive sciences, 4(12), 463-470. Kutas, M., & Hillyard, S. A. (1980a). Event-related potentials to semantically inappropriate and surprisingly large words. Biological Psychology, 11, 99–116. Kutas, M., & Hillyard, S. A. (1980b, January 11). Reading senseless sentences: Brain potentials reflect semantic incongruity. Science, 207, 203–205. Jäger, L., Chen, Z., Li, Q., Lin, C. J. C., & Vasishth, S. (2015). The subject-relative advantage in Chinese: Evidence for expectation-based processing. Journal of Memory and Language, 79, 97-120. Kaan, E., & Swaab, T. Y. (2003). Repair, revision, and complexity in syntactic analysis: An electrophysiological differentiation. Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 15(1), 98-110. Leone-Fernandez, B., Molinaro, N., Carreiras, M., & Barber, H. A. (2012). Objects, events and “to be” verbs in Spanish–An ERP study of the syntax–semantics interface. Brain and language, 120(2), 127-134. Lin, C. J. C. (2006). Grammar and Parsing: A Typological Investigation of Relative- Clause Processing, Departments of Linguistics and Anthropology, The University of Arizona(Doctoral dissertation, Ph. D. Dissertation). Lin, C. J. C., & Bever, T. G. (2006). Subject preference in the processing of relative clauses in Chinese. In Proceedings of the 25th west coast conference on formal linguistics (pp. 254-260). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project. Lin, Y. Y., & Garnsey, S. (2011). Verb bias in Mandarin relative clause processing. Concentric: Studies in Linguistics, 37(1), 73-91. Lu, H. Y., & Garnsey, S. (2008). Whose self do you mean. In Processing Mandarin Chinese reflexives. Poster presented at the CUNY 2008 Conference on Human Sentence Processing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Lu, H. Y., & Garnsey, S. (2009). Processing Mandarin reflexive “ziji” in context. In Poster presented at the CUNY 2009 Conference on Human Sentence Processing, University of California, Davis. MacDonald, M. C., Pearlmutter, N. J., & Seidenberg, M. S. (1994). The lexical nature of syntactic ambiguity resolution. Psychological review, 101(4), 676. MacDonald,M. C.,&Christiansen, M. H. (2002). Reassessing working memory:A reply to Just and Carpenter and Waters and Caplan. Psychological Review, 109(1), 35–54. MacWhinney, B. (1977). Starting points. Language, 53, 152–168. Nieuwland, M. S., & Van Berkum, J. J. (2006). Individual differences and contextual bias in pronoun resolution: Evidence from ERPs. Brain Research, 1118(1), 155- 167. O'grady, W. (1997). Syntactic Development. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Osterhout, L., & Holcomb, P. J. (1992). Event-related brain potentials elicited by syntactic anomaly. Journal of memory and language, 31(6), 785-806. Packard, J. L., Ye, Z., & Zhou, X. (2010). Filler-gap processing in Mandarin relative clauses: Evidence from event-related potentials. In Processing and producing head-final structures (pp. 219-240). Springer, Dordrecht. Phillips, C. (1996). Order and structure (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology). PHILLIPS, COLIN. 1996. Order and Structure, Linguistics, MIT: Ph.D. Dissertation. Phillips, C. (2003). Linear order and constituency. Linguistic inquiry, 34(1), 37-90. Roehm, D., Schlesewsky, M., Bornkessel, I., Frisch, S., & Haider, H (2004).Fractionating language comprehension via frequency characteristics of the human EEG. Neuroreport, 15(3), 409-412. Roehm, D., Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, I., & Schlesewsky, M. (2007). The internal structure of the N400: Frequency characteristics of a language related ERP component (Doctoral dissertation, Nova Science Publishers Incorporated). Sung, Y. T., Cha, J. H., Tu, J. Y., Wu, M. D., & Lin, W. C. (2016). Investigating the processing of relative clauses in Mandarin Chinese: evidence from eye movement data. Journal of psycholinguistic research, 45(5), 1089-1113. Tanenhaus, M. K., Spivey-Knowlton, M. J., Eberhard, K. M., & Sedivy, J. C. (1995). Integration of visual and linguistic information in spoken language comprehension. Science, 268(5217), 1632-1634. Traxler, M. J., Bybee, M. D., & Pickering, M. J. (1997). Influence of connectives on language comprehension: eye tracking evidence for incremental interpretation. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 50(3), 481-497. Trueswell, J. C., Tanenhaus, M. K., & Kello, C. (1993). Verb-specific constraints in sentence processing: Separating effects of lexical preference from garden paths. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19(3), 528. Van Berkum, J. J., Koornneef, A. W., Otten, M., & Nieuwland, M. S. (2007). Establishing reference in language comprehension: An electrophysiological perspective. Brain research, 1146, 158-171. Wilson, M. P., & Garnsey, S. M. (2009). Making simple sentences hard: Verb bias effects in simple direct object sentences. Journal of Memory and Language, 60(3), 368-392. Yang, C. L., Perfetti, C. A., & Liu, Y. (2010). Sentence integration processes: An ERP study of Chinese sentence comprehension with relative clauses. Brain and Language, 112(2), 85-100. Vasishth, S., Chen, Z., Li, Q., & Guo, G. (2013). Processing Chinese relative clauses: Evidence for the subject-relative advantage. PloS one, 8(10), e77006. Wechsler, D. (2008). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition (WAIS–IV). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/1110 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 本篇研究探討動詞偏態如何漸進地影響中文關係子句的處理。首先,我們將動詞進行分類。從中研院平衡語料庫4.0 版本中,挑選出44 個動詞,分類出三種動詞偏態: 傾向接上受詞(Direct Object ,DO)、子句(Sentential Complement, SC),以及接上受詞和子句比例相當的動詞(Equilibrium Balanced ,EQ)。接下來,本研究使用事件相關電位(Event-Related Potential, ERP) 技術探討動詞偏態如何分別影響受詞關係子句(Objective Relative Clause, ORC) 與主詞關係子句(Subjective Relative Clause, SRC) 的處理。
實驗一研究動詞偏態對受詞關係子句的影響。上述的三種動詞類型分別接上受詞關係子句。此實驗的四個主要觀察位置,依序為 RC noun 、 RC verb 、RC marker DE 、 head noun。實驗結果發現動詞偏態漸進地影響受詞關係子句的處理。此影響首先展現在處理傾向接受詞的動詞的情況時,其接上的RC verb 比傾向接子句的動詞引發較正的frontal positivity。此外,此影響也延續到接下來的 RC marker DE 與 head noun。相較於傾向接子句的動詞,於傾向接受詞的動詞之情況下,RC marker DE 引發較負的N400,以及head noun 引發較負的frontal negativity。實驗一呈現出傾向接受詞的動詞接上受詞關係子句比傾向接子句的動詞狀況更容易處理。 實驗二研究動詞偏態對主詞關係子句的影響。實驗二和實驗一最大的不同在於語序。實驗一中的受詞關係子句符合中文的語序(主詞+動詞+受詞)而實驗二的主詞關係子句卻不符合。因此,語序的不同或許會在實驗二中扮演重要的角色。實驗二的四個主要觀察位置,依序為RC verb 、 RC noun 、 RC marker DE 、 head noun。實驗結果發現動詞偏態漸進地影響主詞關係子句且凸顯出中文語序的重要性。處理傾向接受詞的動詞的情況時,相較於於傾向接子句的動詞,其接上的RC verb 引發更正的late frontal positivity。然而,處理傾向接子句的 動詞時,相較於於傾向接受詞的動詞,其接上的RC verb 引發更負的N400。這顯示於第一個實驗中,傾向接子句的動詞所佔的優勢並未在處理主詞關係子句中出現。兩個實驗最大的不同在於語序。因此,語序的不同使得不論處理傾向接受詞的動詞或是子句的動詞上,皆產生不同的困難。此困難也延續至其後的RC marker DE與head noun。此外,接受詞或子句比例相當的動詞在接上受詞關係子句或是主詞關係子句 上,有不同的效果。當此類動詞接上受詞關係子句時,其展現類似於傾向接上受詞的動詞的效果;而接上主詞關係子句時。此類動詞並沒有展現與任何類型相似的效果。 綜觀兩個實驗的結果,此研究不僅展現動詞偏態漸進地影響中文關係子句的處理外,也凸顯出語序在中文關係子句的處理中扮演重要的角色。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | This study investigated how verb bias which carries both syntactic and semantic information incrementally modulates RC processing in Mandarin. We first conducted a
norming study for the classification of verb bias. Forty-four verbs, chosen from Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus of Modern Chinese, version 4.0 were classified into three types of bias: Direct Object (DO), Sentential Complement (SC), and Equilibrium Balanced (EQ). Two event-related potentials (ERPs) experiments were then conducted to address how verb bias respectively influences the real-time ORC and SRC processing. Experiment 1 examined the verb effect in ORC processing, in which each type of verb bias was followed by a ORC (1stnoun + RC verb + RC marker DE + head noun). ERPs data for four target regions of RC structure were analyzed. The result showed verb bias effect on ORC processing and the difficulty of processing ORCs following DO-bias verbs, as first reflected by larger frontal positivity (617-1000ms) on the RC verb in DO-bias condition than that in SC-bias condition. It indicated the difficulty of processing unexpected but plausible syntactic structure. This effect also lasted on the subsequent RC marker DE and head noun. RC marker DE following DO bias verb elicited larger N400 than that following SC-bias verb, indicating the difficulty of integrating DE to the expectation of “the concept of event”. Furthermore, head noun following DO-bias verb elicited frontal negativity, suggesting the need of establishing the referential binding between the DO-bias verb and its correspondent referent. Experiment 2 assessed the verb effect on SRC processing, in which each type of verb bias was followed by a SRC (RC verb + 1stnoun + RC marker DE + head noun). Distinct processing difficulty between conditions suggested the influence of both verb bias and word order on SRC processing. The difficulty of processing SRCs following DO-bias verb was first supported by the late frontal positivity elicited by RC verb following DO-bias verb than that following SC-bias verb. However, the difficulty of processing SRCs following SC-bias verb was demonstrated by larger N400 responses on RC verb than that in DO-bias condition. It implied that the variability of syntactic structure following the SC-bias verb did not provide an advantage for processing ongoing syntactic structure. The role of word order has to be considered since it competed with the characteristics of SC-bias verb in terms of the role in sentence processing. Moreover, this difficulty also lasted on the subsequent RC marker DE and head noun, such as the need of additional memory resources due to the thematic-role ambiguity in parsing head noun following SC-bias verb. The processing of EQ-bias verbs following ORCs was different from that following SRCs. EQ-bias verbs following ORCs exhibit a similar pattern as the DO bias verbs did. However, when following SRCs, they did not exhibit similar processing pattern with either DO-bias verbs or SC-bias verbs. In sum, this study not only provided ERP evidence that verb bias incrementally influences Mandarin RC processing but also revealed the crucial role of word order in RC processing. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-12T09:32:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-107-R04142003-1.pdf: 4108648 bytes, checksum: 4430a80a65d8be5586ab5be7bf3f84ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | Table of Contents
致謝詞 ............. i Abstract ............. iii 中文摘要 ............. vi List of Tables ....... x List of Figures .......... xi Chapter 1. Introduction .......... 1 1.1 Processing of relative clause (RC) ...... 2 1.2 Comprehension models on the role of verb in sentence processing ............... 15 1.3 The role of verb bias in sentence processing ..... 18 1.4 Current study ........ 24 Chapter 2. Experiment 1: The influence of verb bias on ORC processing ............. 27 2.1 Materials and Methods .... 27 2.1.1. Participants .................. 27 2.1.2. Experimental stimuli .............. 28 2.1.3. Predictions ....... 34 2.1.4. Procedure ............... 35 2.1.5. EEG recording and data analysis ..... 37 2.2 Result ................................................... 39 2.2.1. Accuracy of comprehension test................. 39 2.2.2. Statistical analysis for ERPs data .......................... 39 2.2.3. ERPs result ..................... 40 2.3 Discussion ......................................................................... 48 Chapter 3. Experiment 2: The influence of verb bias on ORC processing ............. 55 3.1 Materials and Methods ........................... 56 3.1.1. Participants .............................. 56 3.1.2. Experimental design ............................ 56 3.1.3. Predictions .............................. 60 3.1.4. Procedure ...................................... 62 3.1.5. EEG recording and data analysis ...................... 63 3.2 Result ........................................................................... 64 3.2.1. Accuracy of comprehension test................................. 63 3.2.2. Statistical analysis for ERPs data .................................. 63 2.2.3. ERPs result .............................................................. 64 3.3 Discussion ............................................................... 72 Chapter 4. Concluding remarks ........................................ 81 References .................................................................... 86 Appendix I ..................................................................... 90 Appendix II ............................................................... 92 Appendix III .......................................................... 94 | |
dc.language.iso | en | |
dc.title | 動詞偏態對處理中文關係子句的影響: 事件相關電位研究 | zh_TW |
dc.title | The Influence of Verb Bias on On-line Mandarin
Relative Clause Processing: an ERP study | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 106-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.coadvisor | 李佳霖 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 林祐瑜,許淳潔 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 動詞偏態(效果),關係子句,語法處理,漸進式處理, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | verb bias (effect),relative clause processing,syntactic processing,incremental process, | en |
dc.relation.page | 90 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU201802684 | |
dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | |
dc.date.accepted | 2018-08-10 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 文學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 語言學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 語言學研究所 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-107-1.pdf | 4.01 MB | Adobe PDF | 檢視/開啟 |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。