青少年生活壓力與憂鬱情緒：靈性的緩衝作用探究

Abstract

現今的青少年處於高度壓力的環境，存在於學校與家庭中的若干壓力源對其心理健康有著負面的影響，甚至會促發憂鬱情緒。復原力理論提供一套實務與研究指引，此理論源自於流行病學範疇，旨在辨識各種造成個人不良發展結果的危險因子，以及發掘能發揮保護因子的因素，使個人能免於危險因子的影響。而靈性在近幾年已有相當多的研究，也被認為是青少年憂鬱情緒的保護因子之一，然而相關研究仍以西方為主，有待檢證其在華人社會脈絡中是否仍然成立。本研究探討在控制性別、年齡與自尊後，青少年常面臨的親子衝突壓力、家庭經濟壓力、同儕互動壓力以及學業期望壓力等危險因子與憂鬱情緒的關係，而以靈性作為保護因子，檢視是否能發揮緩衝作用。 本研究以分層隨機抽樣法選取1,307位台灣高中、高職及五專生作為參與者，以集體施測方式讓受試者填寫研究問卷，在進行統計分析時僅納入填答完整1,204份樣本(n=1,204)，並以多元迴歸分析法驗證研究架構。結果顯示：女性、親子衝突壓力、家庭經濟壓力、同儕互動壓力、學業期望壓力越高、靈性越低者，其憂鬱情緒則越高，而靈性能緩衝同儕互動壓力對於憂鬱情緒的負面影響力。據此結果，本研究建議青少年工作者將靈性評估與提升納入其處遇計畫，後續研究亦需要繼續探討青少年的靈性議題。

Adolescents experience tremendous life stresses and are vulnerable to depressive mood. It’s imperative to identify possible risk factors. However, resilience perspective indicated that we should pay more attention to protective factors that could mitigate the impact of risk. Spirituality is increasingly studied in the western countries. It helped to reduce the effect of risk on individual’s mental health. Related research was limited in Taiwan, where this study was conducted. This study intends to examine the contribution of parent-adolescence conflict, family economic stress, peer relationship stress, academic expectation stress to depressive mood among adolescents in Taiwan. The multi-stage cluster sampling method was used. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires administered in the group setting. A total of 1,307 Taiwanese students from ten through twelve grades participated in this study. 1,204 questionnaires with complete information were included in multiple regression analyses. Result indicates that after controlling for gender, age, and self-esteem, life stresses and spirituality were significantly associated with adolescent depressive mood. Spirituality moderated the effect of peer relationship stress on adolescent depressive mood. Findings suggest that spirituality is an important concept to help adolescents from being affected by life stressors. Helping professionals should incorporate this concept into their work with depressive adolescents.