我國育嬰留職停薪津貼政策之探討：以台北縣市女性申請者為例

Abstract

2002年「兩性工作平等法」中明訂育嬰假的規定，但是空有育嬰留職停薪假而無津貼補助的設計屢屢遭受質疑，政府終於在2009年時配合修訂「就業保險法」正式規範育嬰留職停薪期間以領取六成薪做爲補助津貼，本文Robert K. Merton結構功能論的顯性功能與隱性功能觀點出發，分析該項政策制訂動機與政策目的，並探討該項政策可能產生的潛在影響。 本研究除了探討部份國家的育嬰留職停薪津貼政策之外，主要以深度訪談方法針對台北縣市地區10位有申請育嬰留職停薪津貼經驗的職業婦女進行研究，從女性申請者的角度探討申請動機與申請後所面臨的問題，並與政策預期目的做比較。透過深度訪談研究發現，受訪者表示肯定育嬰假留職停薪期間發放六成薪爲津貼補助的措施，但認爲能夠陪伴孩子成長的價值遠甚過六成薪的補助，同時表示該項政策並沒有提升再生育的意願。申請者在兩性申請意願方面，除了受到傳統性別分工的意識形態影響，六成薪補助的設計也成爲雙薪家庭考量機會成本的重要影響因素。本研究於最後對該項政策與未來研究提出相關建議。

The 'Gender Equality Employment Law' stipulated that the provisions of maternity leave in 2002, but the design that the parental leave holidays without pay have been being repeatedly questioned, and in 2009 finally the government amended 'Employment Insurance Act' which officially stipulated that the employees are in order to receive 60% of pay as a subsidy allowance in parental leave period, in this paper, it goes from the points of view of manifest function and latent function in Robert K. Merton's structural functionalism, to analysis the motives and policy objectives of this policy making, and explore the policy could potential impact. Except for that this study explores the parental leave allowance policies in some country's, it also mainly uses the depth interview method to proceed the research with 10 professional women who have experiences of application for parental leave allowance in Taipei County, and to explore the motivation of applications and problems they might face after the applications from female applicants' perspective, and to compare it with the policy intended purpose. Through the depth interviews it is found that, the respondents affirm the policy of that in the parental leave period it is paid 60% of salary as subsidized benefits measures, but they also think that being able to accompany with their children's growing up is more worthy than 60% paid benefits, and in the same time they say the policy does not raise any more wishes to to give birth to children. The Applicants in the will of gender application, in addition to be affected by the ideology of traditional gender division of labor, the system of 60% wage allowance has also become the of the an important factor for those double income families to consider the opportunity cost, This study makes suggestions for the policies and future researches in the final chapter.