微綠地對城市生物多樣性和人類健康的益處

Abstract

隨著都市化快速發展，人們與自然環境及生物多樣性的日常接觸機會逐漸減少，因此小尺度都市綠地在人類福祉與生物多樣性保育中的角色受到越來越多關注。其中，住宅陽台花園作為容易取得且貼近日常生活的綠地形式，仍然缺乏相關研究。本研究探討臺灣都市居民對陽台生物多樣性的感知與心理幸福感、自然連結感以及親自然保育行為之間的關係，並進一步檢驗自然連結感是否具有中介作用，以及相關關係是否因季節而有所差異。本研究於2025年12月至2026年2月（冬季）以及2026年3月至5月（春季）進行兩次問卷調查，共蒐集303位具有住宅陽台的都市居民資料，其中193位有種植陽台植物，110位未種植植物。研究以植物、鳥類及蝴蝶多樣性的感知作為感知生物多樣性指標；自然連結感採用NR-6量表測量；心理幸福感採用WHO-5幸福感量表測量；親自然保育行為則採用調整後的ProCoBS量表測量。資料分析包括描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、皮爾森相關分析以及 Hayes PROCESS 中介分析。研究結果顯示，相較於未種植陽台植物者，設有陽台植物的居民具有較高的感知植物多樣性與感知蝴蝶多樣性、較佳的心理福祉，以及較高的園藝保育行為。感知生物多樣性與心理福祉之正向關聯主要出現在設有陽台植物的參與者，而感知生物多樣性與親自然保育行為之正向關聯則在不同組別與季節中皆有觀察到。自然連結感並非普遍適用的中介機制，而是呈現選擇性的中介作用，其效果依不同生物多樣性指標、結果變項及季節而有所不同，並非所有模型皆呈現一致的中介效果。此外，不同季節下部分生物多樣性與研究結果之間的關聯強度存在差異，但陽台植栽與各項正向結果之間的關聯在冬季與春季皆持續存在。本研究顯示，住宅陽台雖屬小尺度綠地，仍可作為重要的人與自然互動空間，促進心理幸福感與生物多樣性保育行為。研究不僅整合了幸福感與保育行為兩項結果變項，也強調感知生物多樣性、主動參與自然及季節脈絡在人類福祉與環境行為中的重要性，為都市生物多樣性與環境心理學研究提供新的實證證據。

Urbanization has reduced opportunities for everyday contact with biodiversity, increasing interest in the role of small-scale urban green spaces in supporting both human well-being and biodiversity conservation. Among these spaces, residential balcony gardens represent an accessible yet understudied form of urban nature. This study examined the relationships between perceived balcony biodiversity, psychological well-being, nature relatedness, and pro-nature conservation behaviors among urban residents in Taiwan. It further investigated whether nature relatedness served as potential mediator of these relationships and whether the observed patterns varied between winter and spring. A cross-sectional survey was conducted during two seasonal periods: winter (December 2025–February 2026) and spring (March–May 2026). A total of 303 participants with access to residential balconies completed an online questionnaire, including 193 residents with balcony plants and 110 residents without balcony plants. Perceived biodiversity was assessed through perceived plant, bird, and butterfly diversity. Nature relatedness was measured using the NR-6 Scale, psychological well-being using the WHO-5 Well-Being Index, and pro-nature conservation behaviors using an adapted ProCoBS scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-tests, Pearson correlation analyses, and mediation analyses conducted with Hayes’ PROCESS macro. The results showed that residents with balcony plants consistently reported higher perceived plant and butterfly diversity, greater psychological well-being, and stronger gardening conservation behaviors than residents without balcony plants. Perceived biodiversity was positively associated with psychological well-being primarily among participants with balcony plants, while positive associations with pro-nature conservation behaviors were observed across both groups and seasons. Nature relatedness emerged as a selective mediator rather than a universal mechanism, with mediation observed only for specific biodiversity indicators, outcomes, and seasons rather than consistently across all models. Seasonal differences were observed in the strength of specific biodiversity–outcome relationships; however, positive associations with balcony planting remained evident across both winter and spring. The findings highlight the importance of residential balconies as meaningful micro-scale green spaces that are associated with psychological well-being and biodiversity stewardship. The study advances understanding of biodiversity–human relationships by integrating well-being and conservation behaviors within a framework and demonstrates the importance of perceived biodiversity, active engagement with nature, and seasonal context in in understanding human–nature relationships and their associations with psychological well-being and pro-nature conservation behaviors.