效法自然方法以原生微生物與社區參與促進崩塌地植生復育

Abstract

台灣山區的崩塌為反覆發生的問題，尤以合歡山等使用頻度高之區域的道路沿線最為顯著。目前許多復育工程採用混凝土工法，或以非原生種進行噴播植生，然而這些做法並無助於長期的生態恢復。本研究評估 JADAM 微生物液（JADAM Microbial Solution, JMS）——一種低成本的發酵微生物資材——作為崩塌地復育之生物刺激素與參與式復育工具的潛力。研究以太魯閣國家公園一處路旁崩塌地為案例，採用多面向研究方法，結合崩塌地現地土壤分析、以台灣特有禾草川上短柄草（Brachypodium kawakamii）進行之室內發芽試驗、現地發芽先導試驗，以及針對太魯閣國家公園主要利害關係人之問卷調查。土壤分析結果顯示，與作為對照的森林土壤相比，崩塌地基質多礫石、高度緊實、保水力差且養分有效性低，此等條件抑制了過往的復育成效。在為期三個月的室內試驗中，以依現地條件配製之 JMS 對種植於該崩塌地土壤中的川上短柄草進行單次土壤澆灌，並比較對照組、僅施養分組與 JMS 處理組。結果顯示，JMS 相較於僅施養分組顯著提高最終發芽率，相較於對照組顯著加速早期發芽，並提升整體生物量之累積。然而，現地先導試驗凸顯了高山環境下的可行性挑戰，包括低溫環境中的發酵問題與強風曝露。對照組與 JMS 處理組的種子均未能發芽，顯示嚴苛的高山逆境因子可能使發芽受限，即便是原生種亦然。針對 57 位太魯閣國家公園員工與志工進行的利害關係人問卷調查發現，儘管受訪者對 JMS 的初始認知程度偏低，仍展現出參與 JMS 相關復育活動的高度意願。該調查亦指出教育訓練的推展契機，同時凸顯若欲維持長期參與，須先克服時間與後勤安排上的限制。整體而言，研究結果顯示 JMS 在更廣泛的復育策略架構下，具有作為低成本植生輔助工具的潛力，惟不應被視為單一獨立的解決方案。成功的復育有賴整合性的做法：在考量現地條件的前提下，輔以土壤與水分管理，並搭配微生物接種與原生物種之運用，以及持續的社區參與。

In Taiwan’s mountains, landslides are a recurring issue, especially along roads in high-use areas such as Hehuan Mountain. While many landslide restoration projects use concrete engineering or hydroseeding with non-native species, these approaches do not support long-term ecological recovery. This study evaluates JADAM Microbial Solution (JMS), an affordable fermented microbial amendment, as both a biostimulant and participatory restoration tool for landslide recovery. Using a roadside landslide in Taroko National Park as a case study, the research used a multi-dimensional approach that combines soil analysis at the landslide site, a laboratory germination experiment using the endemic grass Brachypodium kawakamii, a field germination pilot, and a survey of key Taroko National Park stakeholders. Soil analysis uncovered that the landslide substrate was rocky, highly compacted, with poor water retention, and low nutrient availability compared to reference forest soil, which inhibited past restoration efforts. In a three-month laboratory experiment, a one-time soil drench with site-specific JMS was applied to B. kawakamii grown in the tested landslide soil, comparing Control, Nutrient Only, and JMS treatments. JMS significantly increased final germination compared to Nutrient Only, significantly accelerated early germination compared to the Control, and increased overall biomass accumulation. However, the field pilot highlighted feasibility challenges under alpine conditions, including low-temperature fermentation and high wind exposure. Seeds in both the Control and JMS treatment failed to germinate, suggesting that harsh alpine stressors may limit germination even for native species. The stakeholder survey of 57 Taroko National Park staff and volunteers found that, despite low initial awareness of JMS, participants demonstrated a high willingness to participate in JMS-based restoration activities. The survey also identified opportunities for training while highlighting time and logistical constraints that would need to be addressed for sustained participation. Overall, the findings suggest that JMS has potential as a low-cost revegetation support tool within a broader restoration strategy. Successful restoration will require an integrated approach that considers the site conditions with complementary soil and moisture management, alongside microbial inoculation with native species, and supports ongoing community involvement.