不良適應於多中心跨界共享性資源治理系統：白朗峰案例

Abstract

如高山地區等僅存的荒野邊界，正日益受到人類基礎建設的開發影響。山地生態系統的獨特性以及其所面臨的多重威脅，需要量身訂作創新的保育策略。國界線經常沿著山脈稜線劃定，形成無形的治理障礙，是生物多樣性保育普遍面臨的挑戰。因此，山區野生動植物的未來迫切需要跨境合作。 本研究結合Elinor與Vincent Ostrom的多中心共享性資源治（Common Pool Resources, CPR）管理系統理論，以及跨境保育相關文獻，探討位於瑞士、法國、義大利三國交界的白朗峰地區在生物多樣性保育方面的實踐與治理挑戰。我訪談了跨國界、跨部門的十一位關鍵利害關係人，並針對訪談逐字稿進行主題分析，再以法律文本及各類次級資料來源進一步驗證與豐富研究發現。 研究結果顯示，法規架構的落差、觀光產業對當地經濟與政治的主導地位、個人政治因素、現行跨境合作機構缺乏法人資格等，皆是限制當地多中心治理系統永續管理共有資源能力的因素。然而，關鍵人物的堅毅努力，加上歐盟與聯合國所提供的機會，使現行體系仍有可能逐步轉型為適應性的跨境多中心治理系統，以因應環境永續發展的挑戰。

Remaining wilderness frontiers, such as high mountains, are increasingly settled by human infrastructure. The uniqueness of mountainous ecosystems and the multifaceted threats they face require tailored and novel conservation strategies. National borders, which often follow mountains’ ridges, create invisible governance barriers and are a common challenge to efficient biodiversity conservation. The future of wildlife in mountainous regions thus urgently needs transboundary cooperation. Combining Elianor and Vincent Ostrom’s polycentric Common Pool Resources (CPR) management systems and transboundary conservation literature, I explore best practices and governance challenges to biodiversity conservation in the Mont Blanc Region, at the border between Switzerland, France, and Italy. I interviewed eleven key stakeholders across national and sectoral boundaries and conducted thematic analysis on the transcripts of our discussions. I then verified and enriched the findings with legal texts and various secondary data sources. Results show that regulatory framework discrepancies, the domination of the tourism industry over the local economy and politics, personal politics, and the absence of legal personhood of the existing transboundary cooperation institution are all factors limiting the capacity of the local polycentric governance system to sustainably manage CPRs. However, the grit of key individuals and opportunities offered by the European Union and the United Nations allow for the possibility of the existing system to slowly transform into an adapted transboundary polycentric governance system that can meet environmental sustainability challenges.