探討空服員自我效能、運動參與程度、運動參與動機與生活滿意度之研究

Abstract

目的：本研究主要探討空服員自我效能、運動參與程度、運動參與動機與生活滿意度之關係，且設定中介變數為運動參與動機。考量過去運動管理相關文獻多以運動員、教師或學童為研究對象，探討空服員相關文獻較少；以及鑑於研究者的工作經歷緣故(職業為空服員)，因此本研究的研究對象為「空服員」，期許本研究可有效補足過去文獻的研究缺口，提供具體的建議方針給航空公司管理單位。方法：本研究採用自我效能、運動參與動機、運動參與程度和生活滿意度之量表，透過便利抽樣方法回收有效問卷共282份，藉由SPSS 25版統計分析，使用敘述性統計、單因子變異數分析、獨立樣本t檢定與迴歸分析得出結果。結果：(1)空服員的自我效能顯著正向預測運動參與動機。 (2)空服員的運動參與動機顯著正向預測運動參與程度。 (3)空服員的自我效能顯著正向預測運動參與程度。 (4)空服員的運動參與動機在自我效能對運動參與程度之間具有中介效果。(5)空服員的運動參與程度顯著正向預測生活滿意度。 (6)空服員的自我效能顯著正向預測生活滿意度。 (7)空服員的運動參與程度在自我效能對生活滿意度之間具有中介效果。結論：建議航空公司每年定期複訓設計安排提升自我效能的課程，例如：透過個案討論的方式以提升空服員問題解決能力與自我效能。另外，建議航空公司可擬定具體機制來當作增強運動參與動機的誘因，例如：參與公司的球類社團、定期使用健身房，若能提高空服員運動參與動機，將提升空服員運動參與程度。

Purpose: The study was to discuss the relationship between flight attendants' self-efficacy, sport participation, sport participation motivation and life satisfaction. And sport participation motivation would be mediating variable. This study focused on "flight attendant" because most of the previous sports management literature focused on athletes, teachers or schoolchildren. Because there was little discussion on flight attendants in the past sports management literature, in view of my work experience, flight attendants are taken as the research object. We hope that this study can fill the research gap in the future. Methods: A total of 282 valid samples were collected by self-efficacy, sport participation motivation, sport participation and life satisfaction. The results were obtained through statistical analysis by SPSS Statistics V25. And we use descriptive statistics, One-Way ANOVA, independent sample-test and regression analysis. Results: (1) The self-efficacy of flight attendants significantly positively predicted the motivation of sport participation. (2) The motivation of flight attendants to sport participation was significantly positively predicted. (3) The self-efficacy of flight attendants was significantly and positively predicted sport participation. (4) The motivation of flight attendants to sport participation has a mediating effect on the relationship between self-efficacy and sport participation. (5) Sport participation of flight attendants was significantly and positively predicted life satisfaction. (6) The self-efficacy of flight attendants significantly positively predicted life satisfaction. (7) Sport participation of flight attendants has a mediating effect between self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Conclusion: We suggest that airlines provide courses for regular annual training, such as case studies to enhance flight attendants' problem-solving skills and self-efficacy. It is helpful for airlines to provide benefits as incentive to increase sport participation motivation. For example, participation in sports clubs and regular use of the gym. When the motivation is enhanced, sport participation will be enhanced.