利用頂空固相微萃取結合GC-MS分析芥藍異硫氰酸酯成分

Abstract

芥藍（Chinese kale, Brassica oleracea L. var. alboglabra）為十字花科(Brassicaceae) 蕓薹屬(Brassica)植物，是亞洲地區華人常食用之蔬菜，在中國廣東、廣西和福建等省栽培頗盛。台灣主要栽培品種係自大陸或東南亞傳入，各地均有栽培。薹屬植物普遍含有硫醣苷（Glucosinolates, GLSs），其降解產物具有抗癌特性。本試驗利用固相微萃取法結合GC-MS測量台灣地區芥藍異硫氰酸酯種類含量，發現供試的八品種芥藍與市售芥藍在各發育期間或不同採收時節，所得到的異硫氰酸酯成分主要有Allyl ITC、3-Butenyl ITC、4-Methylpentyl ITC、n-Pentyl ITC與2-Phenylethyl ITC等五種，各品種葉片所含的異硫氰酸酯皆以3-Butenyl ITC有最高的相對含量。Allyl ITC為硫醣苷sinigrin之降解產物，在芥藍中Allyl ITC相對於其他種異硫氰酸酯其含量偏低。芥藍在不同生育階段，其異硫氰酸酯種類含量皆有所不同，試驗中‘翠寶’在30天偵測不到異硫氰酸酯，到45天植株開始抽苔時，葉片與花苔皆測出Allyl ITC、3-Butenyl ITC、4-Methylpentyl ITC等3種異硫氰酸酯。芥藍不同器官中異硫氰酸酯種類含量也不同，‘翠津’與‘翠寶’花苔內異硫氰酸酯相對含量比葉片高，‘翠津’根部的異硫氰酸酯種類比葉片與莖部多。被昆蟲啃食過的葉片，其異硫氰酸酯種類與相對含量明顯低於健康之葉片。芥藍不同發育階段植株內硫醣苷種類含量不斷變化，在抽花苔時期葉片內的硫醣苷含量降低，花苔內含有較高相對含量的異硫氰酸酯，其可能是趨避昆蟲攝食之主因。

Chinese Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. Alboglabra) for the Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Brassica plant in Asia Chinese vegetables commonly consumed in China, Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian provinces cultivated quite . Department of Taiwan's main cultivars introduced from China or Southeast Asia, cultivation all over. Carex species generally contain glucosinolates, its degradation products with anti-cancer properties. In this experiment, combined with solid phase micro extraction GC-MS measurement of isothiocyanates in Taiwan’s Chinese kale types of content, that the eight varieties Chinese kale and commercial kale development at all during the harvest season or different, and the resulting. The main ingredients isothiocyanate Allyl ITC ,3-Butenyl ITC ,4-Methylpentyl ITC, n-Pentyl ITC and 2-Phenylethyl ITC and other five, all varieties contain isothiocyanates leaves begin with 3 - Butenyl ITC has the highest relative content. Allyl ITC as the degradation products of sinigrin in Chinese kale, Allyl ITC compared to other types of isothiocyanates and its content is low. Chinese kale at different growth stages, the isothiocyanates that are different types of content, tests 'Chui Po' not detected at 30 days, isothiocyanates, and 45 days when the plants start bolting, leaves and Moss flowers were measured Allyl ITC ,3-Butenyl ITC ,4-Methylpentyl ITC and other isothiocyanates 3. Kale isothiocyanates in different organs of different types of content, 'Chui-chun,' and 'Chui Po' flower moss in the relative content of isothiocyanates higher than the leaves, 'Chui-chun,' root type isothiocyanate more than the leaves and stems. Insect chewing off leaves, isothiocyanates and relative species were significantly lower than healthy leaves. Chinese kale at different developmental stages within the sulfur content of glycoside types are constantly changing, Moss spent time in the pumping sulfur glycoside content of leaves decreased, flowers moss contains a relatively high content of isothiocyanates, which may be the main cause feeding insects aversion.