台灣數位影像性暴力對於倖存者之健康影響：質性研究

Abstract

本研究聚焦於數位影像性暴力（Image-based sexual violence, IBSV）倖存者的經歷及其健康影響。數位影像性暴力對身心帶來持續性的影響，但目前研究對其健康影響的深度探索仍有不足。為補足上述研究缺口，本研究採用質性研究方法，透過半結構式訪談6名數位影像性暴力倖存者與2名支持團體實務人員，並輔以我國第一至五次CEDAW國家報告及民間平行審查報告，從倖存者經驗與政策發展脈絡，探討數位影像性暴力的暴力型態、健康影響及應對策略。 研究發現，倖存者面臨的暴力型態多元，涵蓋親密關係中的脅迫拍攝、網路陌生人的詐騙勒索，乃至線上創作者面臨的威脅，且常伴隨身體囚禁等行為。數位影像性暴力對倖存者的健康衝擊是全面性的，橫跨生理（如嚴重失眠、消化道問題）、心理（如強烈焦慮、自我懷疑、自殺意念）與社會（如人際退縮、數位排除、抗拒親密關係）三個層面。在應對上，倖存者除尋求醫療協助，心理諮商提供了倖存者安全的訴說出口，而支持服務的核心在於「培力」（empowerment），激發倖存者自身力量。 研究結果顯示數位影像性暴力已然跳脫過往「復仇式色情」的私領域感情糾紛，形成公共衛生層級的健康議題。本研究以倖存者經驗對照我國政策演進，並以公共衛生三段五級概念分析政策走向，建議未來應推動從初段預防（社會教育、根除污名）、次段預防（創傷知情下的即時介入），到末段預防協助倖存者恢復健康的完整政策藍圖。本研究為台灣少數專注於數位影像性暴力健康影響的研究，預期將成為後續相關研究的重要基石，為相關單位制定保護政策與支持服務提供基礎。

This study focuses on the experiences and health impacts of image-based sexual violence (IBSV) on survivors. While IBSV poses enduring physical and mental health impacts, in-depth exploration of these effects remains insufficient. To address this research gap, this study employs qualitative methods, collecting data through semi-structured interviews with six IBSV survivors and two practitioners from support organizations, and supplemented by a document analysis of Taiwan’s first to fifth CEDAW national reports and parallel reports. From the perspectives of survivor experience and policy development context, the study investigates the types of IBSV, its potential health consequences, and survivors’ coping mechanisms. Findings show that survivors experience diverse forms of violence, including coerced filming in intimate relationships, fraudulent extortion by online strangers, and threats faced by online creators, often accompanied by behaviors such as physical confinement. The health impact of IBSV on survivors is comprehensive, spanning physiological (e.g., severe insomnia, digestive issues), psychological (e.g., intense anxiety, self-doubt, suicidal ideation), and social (e.g., social withdrawal, digital exclusion, resistance to intimate relationships) dimensions. In terms of coping, in addition to seeking medical assistance, psychological counseling provides a safe outlet for survivors’ disclosure. The core of support services lies in “empowerment,” activating survivors’ own strength. The research results indicate that IBSV has transcended the traditional framing of “revenge porn” as private emotional disputes, evolving into a critical public health issue. This study contrasts survivors’ experiences with Taiwan’s policy evolution and analyzes policy trends using the public health “three levels of prevention” framework. It recommends the promotion of a comprehensive policy blueprint, from primary prevention (social education, eradicating stigma), and secondary prevention (trauma-informed immediate intervention), to tertiary prevention (assisting survivors in recovery). As one of the few studies in Taiwan focusing on the health effects of IBSV, this research is expected to provide a foundation for future investigations and support policymaking and services for individuals affected by IBSV.