請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件：
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/102063完整後設資料紀錄
| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 潘璦琬 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Ay-Woan Pan | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 林姿妤 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author | Zi-Yu Lin | en |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-03-12T16:19:19Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2026-03-13 | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2026-03-12 | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2026 | - |
| dc.date.submitted | 2026-02-03 | - |
| dc.identifier.citation | 王文志、張自強、文榮光（2005）。精神科病患於日間病房之預後分析。臺灣職能治療研究與實務雜誌，(1)，36-43。https://doi.org/10.6534/jtotrp.2005.1(1).36
王禎邦、歐陽文貞（2020）。臺灣社區精神復健機構發展近況及興革建議。中華心理衛生學刊，33(4)，315-340。https://doi.org/10.30074/FJMH.202012_33(4).0001 王曉琳（2016）。自陳式認知功能量表之發展與試驗〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立臺灣大學職能治療研究所。 邱一珍（2017）。思覺失調症患者穩定就業之歷程探討〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立師範大學復健諮商研究所。 勞動部（2021）。《110年身心障礙者勞動狀況調查》。取自 https://www.mol.gov.tw/1607/71771/73009/73060/nodelist Acuña, V., Otto, A., Cavieres, A., & Villalobos, H. (2022). Efficacy of Metacognitive Training in a Chilean Sample of People with Schizophrenia. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría (English ed.), 51(4), 301-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcpeng.2020.12.002 Abdullina, E. G., Savina, M. A., Rupchev, G. E., Morozova, M. A., Pochueva, V. V., & Sheshenin, V. S. (2020). Independent living skills and cognition in early-onset and late-onset of schizophrenia patients: a pilot study. Neurology Bulletin, 52(1), 34-37. https://doi.org/10.17816/nb16461 Abela, J. R., & Sullivan, C. (2003). A test of Beck's cognitive diathesis-stress theory of depression in early adolescents. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 23(4), 384-404. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431603258345 Abhishek, P., Nizamie, S. H., Jahan, M., Kumar, D., Goyal, N., Pachori, H., & Katshu, M. Z. U. H. (2020). Impaired recollection-based episodic memory as a cognitive endophenotype in schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 42(8), 759-770. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2020.1801598 Achim, A. M., Sutliff, S., Samson, C., Montreuil, T. C., & Lecomte, T. (2016). Attribution bias and social anxiety in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research: Cognition, 4, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scog.2016.01.001 Adler, A. (2013). The practice and theory of individual psychology (Vol. 133). Routledge. Aghotor, J., Pfueller, U., Moritz, S., Weisbrod, M., & Roesch-Ely, D. (2010). Metacognitive training for patients with schizophrenia (MCT): feasibility and preliminary evidence for its efficacy. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 41(3), 207-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.01.004 Agid, O., Shapira, B., Zislin, J., Ritsner, M., Hanin, B., Murad, H., Troudart, T., Bloch, M., Heresco-Levy, U., & Lerer, B. (1999). Environment and vulnerability to major psychiatric illness: a case control study of early parental loss in major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Molecular Psychiatry, 4(2), 163-172. Ahuir, M., Crosas, J. M., Estrada, F., Zabala, W., Pérez-Muñoz, S., González-Fernández, A., Tost, M., Aguayo, R., Montalvo, I., Miñano, M. J., Gago, E., Pàmias, M., Monreal, J. A., Palao, D., & Labad, J. (2021). Cognitive biases are associated with clinical and functional variables in psychosis: A comparison across schizophrenia, early psychosis and healthy individuals. Revista de Psiquiatria y Salud Mental (English Edition), 14(1), 4-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.07.005 Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Walshaw, P. D., & Neeren, A. M. (2006). Cognitive vulnerability to unipolar and bipolar mood disorders. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25(7), 726-754. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2006.25.7.726 American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.x02_Schizophrenia_Spectrum American Psychiatric Association. (2024 March).What is Schizophrenia?. American Psychiatric Association. https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/schizophrenia/what-is-schizophrenia Andersen, T. J. (1990). A psychiatric Day Ward and its relation to a group-analytic training model: an integrative strategy. Group Analysis, 23(2), 145-152. https://doi.org/10.1177/0533316490232005 Ataman, R., Alhasani, R., Auneau-Enjalbert, L., Quigley, A., Michael, H. U., & Ahmed, S. (2024). The psychometric properties of the Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (Neuro-QoL) measurement system in neurorehabilitation populations: a systematic review. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 8(1), 106. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-024-00743-7 Bacon, E., Danion, J.-M., Kauffmann-Muller, F., & Bruant, A. (2001). Consciousness in schizophrenia: a metacognitive approach to semantic memory. Consciousness and Cognition, 10(4), 473-484. https://doi.org/10.1006/ccog.2001.0519 Bai, Y. M., Hsiao, C. Y., Chen, K. C., Huang, K.-L., Lee, I. H., Hsu, J.-W., Chen, P. S., & Yang, Y. K. (2014). The development of a self-reported scale for measuring functionality in patients with schizophrenia—Self-reported version of the graphic Personal and Social Performance (SRG-PSP) scale. Schizophrenia Research, 159(2-3), 546-551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.08.024 Bardin, J. (2014). Independent Living. In C. B. Allman & S. Lewis (Eds.), ECC Essentials: Teaching the expanded core curriculum to students with visual impairments (pp. 283-323). American Foundation for the Blind Press. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482x1410800613 Baron, J. (2023). Thinking and deciding. Cambridge University Press. Beck, A. (1952). Successful outpatient pasychotherapy of a chronic schizophrenia with a delusion based on bor-rowed guilt. Psychiatry, 15(3), 312-319. Bellack, A. S., Mueser, K. T., Gingerich, S., & Agresta, J. (1997). Social skills training for schizophrenia: A step-by-step Guide. Guilford Press. Bentall, R. P., & Thompson, M. (1990). Emotional Stroop performance and the manic defence. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 29(2), 235-237. Bernal, G., Jiménez-Chafey, M. I., & Domenech Rodríguez, M. M. (2009). Cultural adaptation of treatments: A resource for considering culture in evidence-based practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40(4), 361-368. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016401 Blaney, P. H. (1986). Affect and memory: a review. Psychological Bulletin, 99(2), 229-246. Bogdan, R., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2006). Acute stress reduces reward responsiveness: implications for depression. Biological Psychiatry, 60(10), 1147-1154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.037 Bora, E., & Pantelis, C. (2013). Theory of mind impairments in first-episode psychosis, individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis and in first-degree relatives of schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 144(1-3), 31-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2012.12.013 Bosc, M. (2000). Assessment of social functioning in depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 41(1), 63-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-440x(00)90133-0 Brocklehurst, J. (1973). Role of day hospital care. British Medical Journal, 4(5886), 223-225. Briki, M., Monnin, J., Haffen, E., Sechter, D., Favrod, J., Netillard, C., Cheraitia, E., Marin, K., Govyadovskaya, S., Tio, G., Bonin, B., Chauvet-Gelinier, J. C., Leclerc, S., Hodé, Y., Vidailhet, P., Berna, F., Bertschy, A. Z., & Vandel, P. (2014). Metacognitive training for schizophrenia: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 157(1-3), 99-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.06.005 Buck, B., Browne, J., Gagen, E. C., & Penn, D. L. (2023). Hostile attribution bias in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: narrative review of the literature and persisting questions. Journal of Mental Health, 32(1), 132-149. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2020.1739240 Buchy, L., Woodward, T. S., & Liotti, M. (2007). A cognitive bias against disconfirmatory evidence (BADE) is associated with schizotypy. Schizophrenia Research, 90(1-3), 334-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2006.11.012 Burch, G. F., Batchelor, J. H., Burch, J. J., Gibson, S., & Kimball, B. (2018). Microaggression, anxiety, trigger warnings, emotional reasoning, mental filtering, and intellectual homogeneity on campus: A study of what students think. Journal of Education for Business, 93(5), 233-241. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832323.2018.1462137 Carlson, S. M., Koenig, M. A., & Harms, M. B. (2013). Theory of mind. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 4(4), 391-402. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1232 Cane, D. B., & Gotlib, I. H. (1985). Depression and the effects of positive and negative feedback on expectations, evaluations, and performance. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 9(2), 145-160. Cella, D., Choi, S. W., Condon, D. M., Schalet, B., Hays, R. D., Rothrock, N. E., Yount, S., Cook, K. F., Gershon, R. C., & Amtmann, D. (2019). PROMIS® adult health profiles: efficient short-form measures of seven health domains. Value in Health, 22(5), 537-544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2019.02.004 Chen, Q., Sang, Y., Ren, L., Wu, J., Chen, Y., Zheng, M., Bian, G., & Sun, H. (2021). Metacognitive training: a useful complement to community-based rehabilitation for schizophrenia patients in China. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1), 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03039-y Chien, W.-T., Lee, I. Y.-M., & Wang, L.-Q. (2017). A Chinese version of the psychotic symptom rating scales: psychometric properties in recent-onset and chronic psychosis. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 13, 745-753. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S131174 Colbert, S. M., & Peters, E. R. (2002). Need for closure and jumping-to-conclusions in delusion-prone individuals. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190(1), 27-31. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-200201000-00007 Davis, J. M., Chen, N., & Glick, I. D. (2003). A meta-analysis of the efficacy of second-generation antipsychotics. Archives of general psychiatry, 60(6), 553-564. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.6.553 de Pinho, L. M. G., Sequeira, C., Sampaio, F. M. C., Rocha, N. B., & Ferre-Grau, C. (2020). A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of metacognitive training for people with schizophrenia applied by mental health nurses: Study protocol. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 76(1), 356-363. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14240 De Rossi, G., & Georgiades, A. (2022). Thinking biases and their role in persecutory delusions: A systematic review. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 16(12), 1278-1296. https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.13292 de Siqueira Rotenberg, L., Curvello, R., Nardini, C., da Silva Franco, M., Carozzino, M. E., Biazus, T. B., Lafer, B. (2025). Metacognitive Training for Subjects with Bipolar Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 94(2), 71-88. https://doi.org/10.1159/000542091 Douglas, K. M., & Porter, R. J. (2010). Recognition of disgusted facial expressions in severe depression. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 197(2), 156-157. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.078113 Durham, R. C., Guthrie, M., Morton, R. V., Reid, D. A., Treliving, L. R., Fowler, D., & MacDonald, R. R. (2003). Tayside–Fife clinical trial of cognitive–behavioural therapy for medication-resistant psychotic symptoms: results to 3-month follow-up. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 182(4), 303-311. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.182.4.303 Dziwota, E., Stepulak, M. Z., Wloszczak-Szubzda, A., & Olajossy, M. (2018). Social functioning and the quality of life of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 25(1), 50-55. https://doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1233566 Egan, S. J., Wade, T. D., & Shafran, R. (2011). Perfectionism as a transdiagnostic process: A clinical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(2), 203-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.04.009 Eichner, C., & Berna, F. (2016). Acceptance and Efficacy of Metacognitive Training (MCT) on Positive Symptoms and Delusions in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis Taking Into Account Important Moderators. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 42(4), 952-962. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbv225 Eldridge, S. (2023, March 10). Cognitive bias. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/cognitive-bias Elkis, H. (2007). Treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 30(3), 511-533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2007.04.001 Eshel, N., & Roiser, J. P. (2010). Reward and punishment processing in depression. Biological Psychiatry, 68(2), 118-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.01.027 Evans, S. L., Averbeck, B. B., & Furl, N. (2015). Jumping to conclusions in schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 1615-1624. https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s56870 Fatemi, S. H., & Folsom, T. D. (2009). The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia, revisited. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 35(3), 528-548. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbn187 Favrod, J., Rexhaj, S., Bardy, S., Ferrari, P., Hayoz, C., Moritz, S., Conus, P., & Bonsack, C. (2014). Sustained antipsychotic effect of metacognitive training in psychosis: a randomized-controlled study. European Psychiatry, 29(5), 275-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.08.003 Flavell, J. H. (1971). First discussant's comments: What is memory development the development of? Human Development, 14(4), 272-278. Flavell, J. H. (1976). Metacognitive aspects of problem solving. In The nature of intelligence (pp. 231-236). Routledge. Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34(10), 906. Flavell, J. H. (1987). Speculations about the nature and development of metacognition. Metacognition, Motivation, and Understanding, 21-29. Fowler, D., Garety, P., & Kuipers, E. (1995). Cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis: Theory and practice. John Wiley & Sons. Frith, C. D. (2008). Social cognition. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363(1499), 2033-2039. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0005 Frith, C. D. (2014). The cognitive neuropsychology of schizophrenia. Psychology press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315785011 Fujii, K., Kobayashi, M., Funasaka, K., Kurokawa, S., & Hamagami, K. (2021). Effectiveness of metacognitive training for long-term hospitalized patients with schizophrenia: a pilot study with a crossover design. Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 17(1), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.11596/asiajot.17.45 Gaebel, W., Hasan, A., & Falkai, P. (2019). S3-Leitlinie Schizophrenie. Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59380-6 Galletly, C., Castle, D., Dark, F., Humberstone, V., Jablensky, A., Killackey, E., Kulkarni, J., McGorry, P., Nielssen, O., & Tran, N. (2016). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the management of schizophrenia and related disorders. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 50(5), 410-472. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867416641195 Ganellen, R. J. (1988). Specificity of attributions and overgeneralization in depression and anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97(1), 83-86. Garety, P., & Freeman, D. (2013). The past and future of delusions research: from the inexplicable to the treatable. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 203(5), 327-333. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.126953 Garety, P. A., Fowler, D., & Kuipers, E. (2000). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for medication-resistant symptoms. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 26(1), 73-86. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033447 Garety, P. A., & Freeman, D. (1999). Cognitive approaches to delusions: a critical review of theories and evidence. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38(2), 113-154. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466599162700 Garety, P. A., & Hemsley, D. R. (2013). Delusions: Investigations into the psychology of delusional reasoning. Psychology Press. Garety, P. A., Hemsley, D. R., & Wessely, S. (1991). Reasoning in deluded schizophrenic and paranoid patients: Biases in performance on a probabilistic inference task. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 179(4), 194-201. Garety, P. A., Kuipers, E., Fowler, D., Freeman, D., & Bebbington, P. (2001). A cognitive model of the positive symptoms of psychosis. Psychological Medicine, 31(2), 189-195. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291701003312 Gawęda, Ł., & Prochwicz, K. (2015). A comparison of cognitive biases between schizophrenia patients with delusions and healthy individuals with delusion-like experiences. European Psychiatry, 30(8), 943-949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.08.003 Gayer-Anderson, C., & Morgan, C. (2013). Social networks, support and early psychosis: a systematic review. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 22(2), 131-146. https://doi.org/10.1017/s2045796012000406 Gotlib, I. H., Kasch, K. L., Traill, S., Joormann, J., Arnow, B. A., & Johnson, S. L. (2004). Coherence and specificity of information-processing biases in depression and social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113(3), 386-389. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.113.3.386 Gotlib, I. H., & Joormann, J. (2010). Cognition and depression: current status and future directions. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6(1), 285-312. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131305 Goulding, S. M., Chien, V. H., & Compton, M. T. (2010). Prevalence and correlates of school drop-out prior to initial treatment of nonaffective psychosis: further evidence suggesting a need for supported education. Schizophrenia Research, 116(2-3), 228-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2009.09.006 Grange, D., Robert, P., & Rizzo, L. (1995). Impairment of recognition memory with, but not without, conscious recollection in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152(12), 1737-1742. Green, M. F., Horan, W. P., & Lee, J. (2015). Social cognition in schizophrenia. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16(10), 620-631. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn4005 Gründer, G., & Cumming, P. (2016). The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: Current status. In H. S. Levin & M. F. Green (Eds.), The neurobiology of schizophrenia (pp. 109–124). Elsevier. Habel, U., Windischberger, C., Derntl, B., Robinson, S., Kryspin-Exner, I., Gur, R. C., & Moser, E. (2007). Amygdala activation and facial expressions: explicit emotion discrimination versus implicit emotion processing. Neuropsychologia, 45(10), 2369-2377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.01.023 Haddock, G., McCarron, J., Tarrier, N., & Faragher, E. B. (1999). Scales to measure dimensions of hallucinations and delusions: the psychotic symptom rating scales (PSYRATS). Psychological Medicine, 29(4), 879-889. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291799008661 Haffner, P., Quinlivan, E., Fiebig, J., Sondergeld, L. M., Strasser, E. S., Adli, M., ... & Stamm, T. J. (2018). Improving functional outcome in bipolar disorder: a pilot study on metacognitive training. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 25(1), 50-58. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2124 Haga, S., Kobayashi, M., Takehara, A., Kawano, K., & Endo, K. (2022). Efficacy of Metacognitive Training for Patients With Schizophrenia in Psychiatric Emergency Wards: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychol, 13, 861102. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.861102 Hale III, W. W., Jansen, J. H., Bouhuys, A. L., & van den Hoofdakker, R. H. (1998). The judgment of facial expressions by depressed patients, their partners and controls. Journal of Affective Disorders, 47(1-3), 63-70. Hankin, B. L., Lakdawalla, Z., Carter, I. L., Abela, J. R., & Adams, P. (2007). Are neuroticism, cognitive vulnerabilities and self–esteem overlapping or distinct risks for depression? Evidence from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26(1), 29-63. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2007.26.1.29 Hauschildt, M., Arlt, S., Moritz, S., Yassari, A. H., & Jelinek, L. (2022). Efficacy of metacognitive training for depression as add‐on intervention for patients with depression in acute intensive psychiatric inpatient care: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 29(5), 1542-1555. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2733 Hautzinger, M. (2013). Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei Depressionen [Cognitive behavioral therapy for depression] (7th ed.). Beltz. Heinrichs, R. W., Goldberg, J. O., Miles, A. A., & Vaz, S. M. (2008). Predictors of medication competence in schizophrenia patients. Psychiatry Research,157(1-3), 47-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2007.02.015 Hemsley, D. R. (1993). A simple (or simplistic?) cognitive model for schizophrenia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31(7), 633-645. Horacek, J., Bubenikova-Valesova, V., Kopecek, M., Palenicek, T., Dockery, C., Mohr, P., & Höschl, C. (2006). Mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotic drugs and the neurobiology of schizophrenia. CNS Drugs, 20(5), 389-409. https://doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200620050-00004 Ho-Wai So, S., Hoi-Kei Chan, G., Kit-Wa Wong, C., Wing-Ka Ching, E., Sze-Wai Lee, S., Chi-Wing Wong, B., Zhu, C., Sun, X., Kin-Hei Chung, L., Hung, A. Y., Oi-Yin Wong, J., & Sau-Man Chan, S. (2021). A randomised controlled trial of metacognitive training for psychosis, depression, and belief flexibility. Journal of Affective Disorders, 279, 388-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.126 Howes, O. D., McDonald, C., Cannon, M., Arseneault, L., Boydell, J., & Murray, R. M. (2004). Pathways to schizophrenia: the impact of environmental factors. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 7(Supple. 1), S7-S13. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1461145704004122 Hu, W., MacDonald, M. L., Elswick, D. E., & Sweet, R. A. (2015). The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia: evidence from human brain tissue studies. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1338(1), 38-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12547 Hurley, J., Hodgekins, J., Coker, S., & Fowler, D. (2018). Persecutory delusions: Effects of cognitive bias modification for interpretation and the Maudsley Review Training Programme on social anxiety, jumping to conclusions, belief inflexibility and paranoia. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 61, 14-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.05.003 Ishikawa, R., Ishigaki, T., Shimada, T., Tanoue, H., Yoshinaga, N., Oribe, N., Morimoto, T., Matsumoto, T., & Hosono, M. (2020). The efficacy of extended metacognitive training for psychosis: A randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 215, 399-407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2019.08.006 Iverson, G. L., Connors, E. J., Marsh, J., & Terry, D. P. (2021). Examining normative reference values and item-level symptom endorsement for the quality of life in neurological disorders (Neuro-QoL™) v2.0 cognitive function-short Form. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 36(1), 126-134. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa044 Jabben, N., Arts, B., Jongen, E. M., Smulders, F. T., van Os, J., & Krabbendam, L. (2012). Cognitive processes and attitudes in bipolar disorder: A study into personality, dysfunctional attitudes and attention bias in patients with bipolar disorder and their relatives. Journal of Affective Disorders, 143(1-3), 265-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.04.022 Jelinek, L., Hausschild, M., & Moritz, S. (2015). Metakognitives Training bei Depression (DMKT) [Metacognitive training for depression]. Beltz. Jelinek, L., Hauschildt, M., Wittekind, C. E., Schneider, B. C., Kriston, L., & Moritz, S. (2016). Efficacy of metacognitive training for depression: a randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 85(4), 231-234. https://doi.org/10.1159/000443699 Jelinek, L., Van Quaquebeke, N., & Moritz, S. (2017). Cognitive and metacognitive mechanisms of change in metacognitive training for depression. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 3449. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03632-6 Jelinek, L., Faissner, M., Moritz, S., & Kriston, L. (2019). Long‐term efficacy of Metacognitive Training for Depression (D‐MCT): A randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(3), 245-259. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12213 John, C., & Dodgson, G. (1994). Inductive reasoning in delusional thought. Journal of Mental Health, 3(1), 31-49. Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2006). Is this happiness I see? Biases in the identification of emotional facial expressions in depression and social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115(4), 705. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.115.4.705 Joormann, J., Teachman, B. A., & Gotlib, I. H. (2009). Sadder and less accurate? False memory for negative material in depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118(2), 412-417. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015621 Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1972). Subjective probability: A judgment of representativeness. Cognitive Psychology, 3(3), 430-454. Kavanagh, D., Tansey, K., O'Donovan, M. C., & Owen, M. J. (2015). Schizophrenia genetics: emerging themes for a complex disorder. Molecular Psychiatry, 20(1), 72-76. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2014.148 Kelley, H. H., & Michela, J. L. (1980). Attribution theory and research. Annual Review of Psychology, 31(1), 457-501. Khattak, S. (2023). Assessing the Feasibility of Metacognitive Training for Patients with Depression in Pakistan: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nature-Nurture Journal of Psychology, 3(1), 31-39. https://doi.org/10.53107/nnjp.v3i1.45 Kinderman, P., & Bentall, R. P. (1997). Causal attributions in paranoia and depression: internal, personal, and situational attributions for negative events. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106(2), 341-348. Kleinman, L., Lieberman, J., Dube, S., Mohs, R., Zhao, Y., Kinon, B., Carpenter, W., Harvey, P. D., Green, M. F., & Keefe, R. S. (2009). Development and psychometric performance of the schizophrenia objective functioning instrument: an interviewer administered measure of function. Schizophrenia Research, 107(2-3), 275-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2008.10.002 Kloppers, M., Pretorius, B., & Vlok, E. D. (2016). Clients' subjective experience of their participation in rehabilitation at an out-patient community rehabilitation center. South African Journal of Occupational Therapy, 46(1), 59-63. https://doi.org/10.17159/2310-3833/2016/v46n1a12 Krabbendam, L., & Aleman, A. (2003). Cognitive rehabilitation in schizophrenia: a quantitative analysis of controlled studies. Psychopharmacology, 169(3-4), 376-382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-002-1326-5 Kurtz, M. M., & Mueser, K. T. (2008). A meta-analysis of controlled research on social skills training for schizophrenia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(3), 491. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.76.3.491 Lam, K. C., Ho, C. P., Wa, J. C., Chan, S. M., Yam, K. K., Yeung, O. S., Wong, W. C., & Balzan, R. P. (2015). Metacognitive training (MCT) for schizophrenia improves cognitive insight: a randomized controlled trial in a Chinese sample with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 64, 38-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.11.008 Lariviere, N., Desrosiers, J., Tousignant, M., & Boyer, R. (2010). Revisiting the psychiatric day hospital experience 6 months after discharge: How was the transition and what have clients retained? Psychiatric Quarterly, 81(2), 81-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-009-9119-1 Laws, K. R., Darlington, N., Kondel, T. K., McKenna, P. J., & Jauhar, S. (2018). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for schizophrenia-outcomes for functioning, distress and quality of life: a meta-analysis. BMC Psychology, 6(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-018-0243-2 Leucht, S., Corves, C., Arbter, D., Engel, R. R., Li, C., & Davis, J. M. (2009). Second-generation versus first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. The Lancet, 373(9657), 31-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61764-x Leucht, S., Heres, S., Kissling, W., & Davis, J. M. (2011). Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 14(2), 269-284. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1461145710001380 Leyman, L., De Raedt, R., Vaeyens, R., & Philippaerts, R. M. (2011). Attention for emotional facial expressions in dysphoria: An eye-movement registration study. Cognition and Emotion, 25(1), 111-120. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931003593827 Liberman, R. P., Mueser, K. T., Wallace, C. J., Jacobs, H. E., Eckman, T., & Massel, H. K. (1986). Training skills in the psychiatrically disabled: Learning coping and competence. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 12(4), 631-647. Li, J., Ma, H., Yang, H., Yu, H., & Zhang, N. (2023). Cognitive bias modification for adult’s depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 968638. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.968638 Lincoln, T., Pedersen, A., Hahlweg, K., Wiedl, K.-H., & Frantz, I. (2019). Evidenzbasierte Leitlinie zur Psychotherapie von Schizophrenie und anderen psychotischen Störungen [Evidence-based guideline for the psychotherapy of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders] (Vol. 5). Hogrefe. Linney, Y. M., Peters, E. R., & Ayton, P. (1998). Reasoning biases in delusion‐prone individuals. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 37(3), 285-302. Liu, Y. C., Tang, C. C., Hung, T. T., Tsai, P. C., & Lin, M. F. (2018). The Efficacy of Metacognitive Training for Delusions in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Informs Evidence-Based Practice. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 15(2), 130-139. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12282 Luckhoff, C. (2021). Self-serving bias. In Raz M. & Pouryahya P. (Eds.), Decision making in emergency medicine: Biases, errors and solutions (pp. 331–337). Springer. Lyon, H. M., Startup, M., & Bentall, R. P. (1999). Social cognition and the manic defense: attributions, selective attention, and self-schema in bipolar affective disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108(2), 273-282. Macedo, M., Marques, A., Queirós, C., & Mariotti, M. C. (2018). Schizophrenia, instrumental activities of daily living and executive functions: a qualitative multidimensional approach. Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional,26(2), 287-298. https://doi.org/10.4322/2526-8910.ctoao1153 Maher, B. A. (1988). Anomalous experience and delusional thinking: The logic of explanations. In T. F. Oltmanns & B. A. Maher (Eds.), Delusional beliefs (pp. 15–33). John Wiley & Sons. Mathews, A., & Mackintosh, B. (2000). Induced emotional interpretation bias and anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109(4), 602-609. Marshall, M., Crowther, R., Almaraz-Serrano, A. M., & Tyrer, P. (2001). Day hospital versus out-patient care for psychiatric disorders. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3), CD003240-CD003240. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd003240 McGurk, S. R., Mueser, K. T., & Pascaris, A. (2005). Cognitive training and supported employment for persons with severe mental illness: one-year results from a randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 31(4), 898-909. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbi037 McGurk, S. R., Twamley, E. W., Sitzer, D. I., McHugo, G. J., & Mueser, K. T. (2007). A meta-analysis of cognitive remediation in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(12), 1791-1802. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07060906 Meltzer, H., & Kostacoglu, A. (2001). Treatment-resistant schizophrenia. In J. A. Lieberman & R. M. Murray (Eds.), Comprehensive care of schizophrenia: A textbook of clinical management (pp. 181–203). Martin Dunitz. Mezulis, A. H., Abramson, L. Y., Hyde, J. S., & Hankin, B. L. (2004). Is there a universal positivity bias in attributions? A meta-analytic review of individual, developmental, and cultural differences in the self-serving attributional bias. Psychological Bulletin, 130(5), 711-747. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.5.711 Miegel, F., Rubel, J., Dietrichkeit, M., Hagemann-Goebel, M., Yassari, A. H., Balzar, A., Scheunemann, J., & Jelinek, L. (2024). Exploring mechanisms of change in the metacognitive training for depression. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 274(3), 739-753. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-023-01604-y Miller, A., McEvoy, J., Jeste, D., & Marder, S. (2006). Treatment of chronic schizophrenia. In J. A. Lieberman, T. S. Stroup, & S. D. Marder (Eds.), Textbook of schizophrenia (pp. 365–381). American Psychiatric Publishing. Miranda, R., Fontes, M., & Marroquín, B. (2008). Cognitive content-specificity in future expectancies: Role of hopelessness and intolerance of uncertainty in depression and GAD symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(10), 1151-1159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2008.05.009 Minozzi, S., Davoli, M., Bargagli, A. M., Amato, L., Vecchi, S., & Perucci, C. A. (2010). An overview of systematic reviews on cannabis and psychosis: discussing apparently conflicting results. Drug and Alcohol Review, 29(3), 304-317. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00132.x Moritz, S., Woodward, T., & Ruff, C. (2003). Source monitoring and memory confidence in schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine, 33(1), 131-139. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702006852 Moritz, S., Woodward, T. S., Cuttler, C., Whitman, J. C., & Watson, J. M. (2004). False memories in schizophrenia. Neuropsychology, 18(2), 276. https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.18.2.276 Moritz, S., Werner, R., & Collani, G. v. (2006). The inferiority complex in paranoia readdressed: a study with the Implicit Association Test. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 11(4), 402-415. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546800444000263 Moritz, S., & Woodward, T. S. (2007). Metacognitive training in schizophrenia: from basic research to knowledge translation and intervention. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 20(6), 619-625. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e3282f0b8ed Moritz, S., Hocaoglu, C., Karow, A., Deljkovic, A., Tonn, P., & Naber, D. (2009). Cure or curse? Ambivalent attitudes towards neuroleptic medication in schizophrenia and non-schizophrenia patients. Mental Illness, 1(1), 4-9. https://doi.org/10.4081/mi.2009.e2 Moritz, S., Woznica, A., Andreou, C., & Köther, U. (2012). Response confidence for emotion perception in schizophrenia using a Continuous Facial Sequence Task. Psychiatry Research, 200(2-3), 202-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.07.007 Moritz, S., Andreou, C., Schneider, B. C., Wittekind, C. E., Menon, M., Balzan, R. P., & Woodward, T. S. (2014). Sowing the seeds of doubt: a narrative review on metacognitive training in schizophrenia. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(4), 358-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2014.04.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2014.04.004 Moritz, S., Rietschel, L., Veckenstedt, R., Bohn, F., Schneider, B. C., Lincoln, T. M., & Karow, A. (2015). The other side of “madness”: frequencies of positive and ambivalent attitudes towards prominent positive symptoms in psychosis. Psychosis, 7(1), 14-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2013.865137 Moritz, S., Schneider, B. C., Peth, J., Arlt, S., & Jelinek, L. (2018). Metacognitive Training for Depression (D-MCT) reduces false memories in depression. A randomized controlled trial. European Psychiatry, 53, 46-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.05.010 Moritz, S., Dietrichkeit, M., Schmueser, A., Hagemann-Goebel, M., & Jelinek, L. (2025). Metacognitive Training for Depression (D-MCT) compared to computerized cognitive remediation in outpatient care: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of affective disorders, 373, 175-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.12.083 Mueser, K. T., Deavers, F., Penn, D. L., & Cassisi, J. E. (2013). Psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9(1), 465-497. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185620 Mueser, K. T., & Tarrier, N. (Eds.). (1998). Handbook of social functioning in schizophrenia. Allyn & Bacon Naughton, M., Nulty, A., Abidin, Z., Davoren, M., O'Dwyer, S., & Kennedy, H. G. (2012). Effects of group metacognitive training (MCT) on mental capacity and functioning in patients with psychosis in a secure forensic psychiatric hospital: a prospective-cohort waiting list controlled study. BMC Research Notes, 5, 302. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-5-302 Owen, M. J., Sawa, A., & Mortensen, P. B. (2016). Schizophrenia.The Lancet, 388(10039), 86-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(15)01121-6 Pan, A. W., Wu, C. Y., Chung, L., & Chen, T. J. (2018). Reliability and validity of the self-reported Activities of Daily Living Scale for people with mental illness. Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy, 31(2), 115-124. https://doi.org/10.1177/1569186118819891 Penney, D., Sauve, G., Mendelson, D., Thibaudeau, E., Moritz, S., & Lepage, M. (2022). Immediate and Sustained Outcomes and Moderators Associated With Metacognitive Training for Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 79(5), 417-429. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.0277 Pfammatter, M., Junghan, U. M., & Brenner, H. D. (2006). Efficacy of psychological therapy in schizophrenia: conclusions from meta-analyses. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 32(suppl. 1), S64-S80. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbl030 Raes, F., Griffith, J. W., Craeynest, M., Williams, J. M. G., Hermans, D., Barry, T. J., Takano, K., & Hallford, D. J. (2023). Overgeneralization as a predictor of the course of depression over time: The role of negative overgeneralization to the self, negative overgeneralization across situations, and overgeneral autobiographical memory. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 47(4), 598-613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10385-6 Ramos, V. J., & Torres, M. M. (2016). Cognitive biases in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. In Y. Kim (Ed.), Schizophrenia treatment: The new facets (pp. 95–108). IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/65726 Randjbar, S., Veckenstedt, R., Vitzthum, F., Hottenrott, B., & Moritz, S. (2011). Attributional biases in paranoid schizophrenia: Further evidence for a decreased sense of self‐causation in paranoia. Psychosis, 3(1), 74-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/17522431003717675 Rasool, S., Zafar, M. Z., Ali, Z., & Erum, A. (2018). Schizophrenia: An overview. Innovations in Pharmaceutical Pharmacotherapy, 6(3), 47–53. https://doi.org/10.4172/clinical-practice.1000417 Reisberg, B., Finkel, S., Overall, J., Schmidt-Gollas, N., Kanowski, S., Lehfeld, H., Hulla, F., Sclan, S. G., Wilms, H.-U., & Heininger, K. (2001). The Alzheimer's disease activities of daily living international scale (ADL-IS). International Psychogeriatrics, 13(2), 163-181. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1041610201007566 Rempfer, M. V. (1999). Independent living skills in people with schizophrenia: influence of clinical symptoms and cognitive functioning. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Kansas]. KU ScholarWorks. Restek-Petrović, B., Mihanović, M., Grah, M., Molnar, S., Bogović, A., Agius, M., Kezić, S., Grošić, V., Mayer, N., & Svrdlin, P. (2012). Early intervention program for psychotic disorders at the psychiatric hospital''sveti ivan. Psychiatria Danubina, 24(3), 323-332. Roberts, J. E., Gotlib, I. H., & Kassel, J. D. (1996). Adult attachment security and symptoms of depression: the mediating roles of dysfunctional attitudes and low self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(2), 310-320. Robinson, J. A. (2017). Exploring attribution theory and bias. Communication Teacher, 31(4), 209-213. https://doi.org/10.1080/17404622.2017.1358387 Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(4), 803-814. Roediger, H. L., Watson, J. M., McDermott, K. B., & Gallo, D. A. (2001). Factors that determine false recall: A multiple regression analysis. Psychonomic bulletin & review, 8(3), 385-407. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03196177 Rogers, J. c., Holm, M. B., Goldstein, G., McCue, M., & Nussbaum, P. D. (1994). Stability and change in functional assessment of patients with geropsychiatric disorders. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 48(10), 914-918. Rosie, J. S., Piper, W. E., & Joyce, A. S. (1995). Effective psychiatric day treatment: Historical and theoretical background. Psychiatric Services, 46(4), 340–346. Rutschmann, R., Romanczuk-Seiferth, N., & Richter, C. (2023). Acceptance and commitment therapy in a psychiatric day hospital—A longitudinal naturalistic effectiveness trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 1052874. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1052874 Šago, D., Filipčić, I., Lovretić, V., & Mayer, N. (2018). Day hospital for early intervention for individuals with psychotic disorders. Psychiatria Danubina, 30(suppl. 4), 192-197. https://doi.org/10.24869/psyd.2018.323 Salemink, E., van den Hout, M., & Kindt, M. (2007). Trained interpretive bias: Validity and effects on anxiety. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental psychiatry, 38(2), 212-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2006.10.010 Samuel, R., Thomas, E., & Jacob, K. (2018). Instrumental activities of daily living dysfunction among people with schizophrenia. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 40(2), 134-138. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_308_17 Sanford, N., Veckenstedt, R., Moritz, S., Balzan, R., & Woodward, T. (2014). Impaired integration of disambiguating evidence in delusional schizophrenia patients. Psychological Medicine, 44(13), 2729-2738. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714000397 Sauve, G., Lavigne, K. M., Pochiet, G., Brodeur, M. B., & Lepage, M. (2020). Efficacy of psychological interventions targeting cognitive biases in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 78, 101854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101854 Serrano-Guerrero, E., Ruiz-Veguilla, M., Martín-Rodríguez, A., & Rodríguez-Testal, J. F. (2020). Inflexibility of beliefs and jumping to conclusions in active schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research, 284, 112776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112776 Shan, X., Liao, R., Ou, Y., Pan, P., Ding, Y., Liu, F., Chen, J., Zhao, J., Guo, W., & He, Y. (2021). Increased regional homogeneity modulated by metacognitive training predicts therapeutic efficacy in patients with schizophrenia. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 271(4), 783-798. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-020-01119-w Sondergeld, L., Quinlivan, E., Haffner, P., Fiebig, J., Jelinek, L., Moritz, S., & Stamm, T. (2016). Metakognitives Training für Menschen mit Bipolaren Störungen. In M. Schäfer, A. Reif, & G. Juckel (Eds.), Therapie‐Tools Bipolare Störungen. Beltz Verlag: Weinheim. So, S. H., Chan, A. P., Chong, C. S., Wong, M. H., Lo, W. T., Chung, D. W., & Chan, S. S. (2015). Metacognitive training for delusions (MCTd): effectiveness on data-gathering and belief flexibility in a Chinese sample. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 730. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00730 Sotimboyevna, K. S., Kizi, I. M. U., & Kizi, R. S. K. (2020). The meaning of overgeneralization. Dostizheniya Nauki i Obrazovaniya, 59(5), 42 Sowislo, J. F., & Orth, U. (2013). Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 139(1), 213-240. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028931 Sprong, M., Schothorst, P., Vos, E., Hox, J., & Van Engeland, H. (2007). Theory of mind in schizophrenia: meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 191(1), 5-13. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.035899 Steel, C., Wykes, T., Ruddle, A., Smith, G., Shah, D. M., & Holmes, E. A. (2010). Can we harness computerised cognitive bias modification to treat anxiety in schizophrenia? A first step highlighting the role of mental imagery. Psychiatry Research, 178(3), 451-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2010.04.042 Strunk, D. R., Lopez, H., & DeRubeis, R. J. (2006). Depressive symptoms are associated with unrealistic negative predictions of future life events. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(6), 861-882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.07.001 Strunk, D. R., & Adler, A. D. (2009). Cognitive biases in three prediction tasks: A test of the cognitive model of depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(1), 34-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2008.10.008 Tagiuri, R. (1969). Person perception. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 395–449). Addison-Wesley. Tanoue, H., Yoshinaga, N., Hayashi, Y., Ishikawa, R., Ishigaki, T., & Ishida, Y. (2021). Clinical effectiveness of metacognitive training as a transdiagnostic program in routine clinical settings: A prospective, multicenter, single‐group study. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 18(2), e12389. https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12389 Tauber, R., Wallace, C. J., & Lecomte, T. (2000). Enlisting indigenous community supporters in skills training programs for persons with severe mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 51(11), 1428-1432. Tsuang, M. T., Stone, W. S., & Faraone, S. V. (2001). Genes, environment and schizophrenia. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 178(Suppl. 40), s18-s24. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.178.40.s18 Turner, R., Hoppitt, L., Hodgekins, J., Wilkinson, J., Mackintosh, B., & Fowler, D. (2011). Cognitive bias modification in the treatment of social anxiety in early psychosis: a single case series. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 39(3), 341-347. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1352465810000706 van der Gaag, M., Schütz, C., Ten Napel, A., Landa, Y., Delespaul, P., Bak, M., Tschacher, W., & De Hert, M. (2013). Development of the Davos assessment of cognitive biases scale (DACOBS). Schizophrenia Research, 144(1-3), 63-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2012.12.010 Van Os, J., Kenis, G., & Rutten, B. P. (2010). The environment and schizophrenia. Nature, 468(7321), 203-212. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09563 Veckenstedt, R., Randjbar, S., Vitzthum, F., Hottenrott, B., Woodward, T. S., & Moritz, S. (2011). Incorrigibility, jumping to conclusions, and decision threshold in schizophrenia. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 16(2), 174-192. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2010.536084 Wade, M., Tai, S., Awenat, Y., & Haddock, G. (2017). A systematic review of service-user reasons for adherence and nonadherence to neuroleptic medication in psychosis. Clinical Psychology Review, 51, 75-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.10.009 Waller, H., Freeman, D., Jolley, S., Dunn, G., & Garety, P. (2011). Targeting reasoning biases in delusions: a pilot study of the Maudsley Review Training Programme for individuals with persistent, high conviction delusions. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42(3), 414-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.03.001 Waller, H., Emsley, R., Freeman, D., Bebbington, P., Dunn, G., Fowler, D., Hardy, A., Kuipers, E., & Garety, P. (2015). Thinking Well: A randomised controlled feasibility study of a new CBT therapy targeting reasoning biases in people with distressing persecutory delusional beliefs. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 48, 82-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.02.007 Weiss, A. P., Dodson, C. S., Goff, D. C., Schacter, D. L., & Heckers, S. (2002). Intact suppression of increased false recognition in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(9), 1506-1513. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.9.1506 Wells, A. (2011). Metacognitive therapy for anxiety and depression. Guilford press. Woodward, T. S., Moritz, S., Cuttler, C., & Whitman, J. C. (2006). The contribution of a cognitive bias against disconfirmatory evidence (BADE) to delusions in schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 28(4), 605-617. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390590949511 Wright, I., & Woodruff, P. (1995). Aetiology of schizophrenia: a review of theories and their clinical and therapeutic implications. CNS Drugs, 3(2), 126-144. Wykes, T., Steel, C., Everitt, B., & Tarrier, N. (2007). Cognitive behavior therapy for schizophrenia: effect sizes, clinical models, and methodological rigor. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34(3), 523-537. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbm114 Wykes, T., Huddy, V., Cellard, C., McGurk, S. R., & Czobor, P. (2011). A meta-analysis of cognitive remediation for schizophrenia: methodology and effect sizes. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(5), 472-485. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10060855 Xiang, Y.-T., Wang, Y., Wang, C.-Y., Chiu, H. F., Chen, Q., Chan, S. S., Lai, K. Y., Lee, E. H., & Ungvari, G. S. (2012). Association of insight with sociodemographic and clinical factors, quality of life, and cognition in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 53(2), 140-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.04.001 Yeh, Z. T., & Hua, M. S. (2009). Effects of depressive disorder on false memory for emotional information. Depression and Anxiety, 26(5), 456-463. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20453 Yildiz, M., Özaslan, Z., İncedere, A., Kircali, A., Kiras, F., & İpçi, K. (2019). The Effect of Psychosocial Skills Training and Metacognitive Training on Social and Cognitive Functioning in Schizophrenia. Noro Psikiyatr Ars, 56(2), 139-143. https://doi.org/10.29399/npa.23095 Yurica, C. L., & DiTomasso, R. A. (2005). Cognitive distortions. In A. Freeman, S. H. Felgoise, A. M. Nezu, C. M. Nezu, & M. A. Reinecke (Eds.), Encyclopedia of cognitive behavior therapy (pp. 117–122). Springer. | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/102063 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 後設認知訓練（Metacognitive Training, MCT）透過改善與精神症狀相關的認知偏誤，能有效減輕精神疾病患者之症狀並提升整體功能。然而目前仍缺乏充分的研究討論MCT在台灣的臨床應用，因此本研究旨在探討繁體中文版MCT應用於台灣慢性精神疾病患者之治療成效。
本研究採單組前後測設計，納入18名參與者（涵蓋思覺失調症、憂鬱症及雙相情緒障礙症患者），進行為期四週、共八次的團體MCT治療。參與者來自台灣北部地區兩處醫療院所（日間病房與社區復健中心）。評估工具包含中文版Davos認知偏誤評估量表（MCL-DACOBS）、中文版精神疾病症狀評量表（C-PSYRATS）、繁體中文版PROMIS憂鬱/焦慮短版量表（PROMIS Depression/ Anxiety 4a v1.0）、圖像化之個人與社會功能自我評估量表（SRG-PSP）、精神科職能治療生活功能量表第3版（sf-ADLS），及Neuro-QoL應用式認知簡短版，並收集參與者滿意度。數據分析使用SPSS 27.0進行，並以無母數統計之威克森符號等級檢定（Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test）來比較組內前後測差異，以及Cohen’s d 計算組內治療成效之效應值（effect size）。 研究結果顯示，繁體中文版MCT應用於台灣慢性精神疾病患者具良好的臨床成效與可行性。MCT能有效改善思覺失調症患者的認知偏誤（p ≤ 0.01, dz=1.34）、降低症狀帶來的心理困擾（p=0.01, dz=0.66），並提升整體功能（含社會功能、日常生活功能及認知功能；p=0.01~0.03, dz=0.65~0.90）。針對情緒障礙症患者，認知偏誤呈現趨近顯著的改善趨勢（p=0.07, dz=1.73），且焦慮症狀改善幅度（p=0.07, dz=1.31）大於憂鬱症狀（p=0.18, dz=0.85）。而參與者對MCT課程滿意度高，認為課程內容易懂且實用，治療依從性良好。未來研究建議採用隨機對照試驗設計，擴大樣本規模並納入長期追蹤評估，以進一步確認MCT的療效及其長期維持效果。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | Metacognitive Training (MCT) has shown promise in alleviating symptoms and enhance general functioning in patients with mental illness by ameliorating cognitive biases associated with psychiatric symptoms. However, the clinical application of MCT in Taiwan has not been fully explored. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effectiveness of the Traditional Chinese version of MCT in patients with chronic mental illness in Taiwan.
This study adopted a single-group pretest-posttest design. 18 participants, including patients with schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder, were recruited to undergo an 8-session MCT group intervention over four weeks. Participants were recruited from two psychiatric facilities (a day ward and a community rehabilitation center) located in northern Taiwan. Assessments include the Modified Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (MCL-DACOBS), the Chinese versions of the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (C-PSYRATS), the Traditional Chinese version of the PROMIS Depression and Anxiety Short Forms (4a v1.0), the Self-reported Graphic Personal and Social Performance Scale (SRG-PSP), Neuro-QoL Item Bank v2.0 – Cognitive Function– Short Form, and Self-Reported Activities of Daily Living Scale, third version (sf-ADLS). Participant satisfaction is also collected. Statistical analyses will utilize non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test and Cohen’s d for effect size calculations. The results indicated that the Traditional Chinese version of MCT demonstrates good clinical efficacy and feasibility for patients with chronic mental illness in Taiwan. MCT effectively improved cognitive biases (p ≤ 0.01, dz=1.34) and reduced symptom-related psychological distress (p=0.01, dz=0.66) in patients with schizophrenia, while also enhancing general functioning (including social, daily, and cognitive functions; p=0.01~0.03, dz=0.65~0.90). For patients with mood disorders, the improvement in anxiety symptoms (p=0.07, dz=1.31) was greater than that in depressive symptoms (p=0.18, dz=0.85), and cognitive biases showed a trend of improvement (p=0.07, dz=1.73). Furthermore, participants reported high satisfaction with the MCT program, finding the content easy to understand and practical, and demonstrated good treatment adherence. Future studies are recommended to adopt a randomized controlled trial design with a larger sample size and long-term follow-up assessments to further confirm the efficacy and long-term maintenance effects of MCT. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Submitted by admin ntu (admin@lib.ntu.edu.tw) on 2026-03-12T16:19:19Z No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2026-03-12T16:19:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 口試委員審定書 i
致謝 ii 中文摘要 iii 英文摘要 v 第一章、緒論 1 第一節、研究背景與動機 1 第二節、研究目的與假設 4 第三節、名詞解釋 5 第二章、文獻回顧 7 第一節、思覺失調症之相關探討 7 第二節、針對認知偏誤的治療應用於思覺失調症患者之成效 23 第三節、憂鬱症與雙相情緒障礙症中的認知偏誤 28 第三章、研究方法 38 第一節、研究對象 38 第二節、研究設計與流程 38 第三節、研究介入方法 39 第四節、成效評估工具 43 第五節、數據分析 50 第四章、結果 51 第一節、人口學資料分析結果 53 第二節、組內前後測資料分析結果 55 第三節、治療滿意度資料分析結果 63 第四節、介入過程之質性觀察 65 第五章、討論 67 第一節、後設認知訓練改善認知偏誤之成效 67 第二節、後設認知訓練改善精神症狀之成效 68 第三節、後設認知訓練改善情緒症狀之成效 70 第四節、後設認知訓練改善整體功能之成效 71 第五節、後設認知訓練於台灣臨床情境之接受度與可行性 74 第六節、研究優勢與限制 75 第七節、臨床應用 77 第六章、結論 78 參考文獻 79 附錄 108 | - |
| dc.language.iso | zh_TW | - |
| dc.subject | 思覺失調症 | - |
| dc.subject | 憂鬱症 | - |
| dc.subject | 雙相情緒障礙症 | - |
| dc.subject | 後設認知訓練 | - |
| dc.subject | 認知偏誤 | - |
| dc.subject | 正性症狀 | - |
| dc.subject | 社會功能 | - |
| dc.subject | 日常生活功能 | - |
| dc.subject | 認知功能 | - |
| dc.subject | Schizophrenia | - |
| dc.subject | Depression | - |
| dc.subject | Bipolar Disorder | - |
| dc.subject | Metacognitive Training (MCT) | - |
| dc.subject | Cognitive Biases | - |
| dc.subject | Positive Symptoms | - |
| dc.subject | Social Functioning | - |
| dc.subject | Activities of Daily Living | - |
| dc.subject | Cognitive Functioning | - |
| dc.title | 後設認知訓練改善台灣精神疾病患者之認知偏誤與症狀之成效：單組前後測研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Effectiveness of Metacognitive Training on Cognitive Biases and Symptoms in Taiwanese Individuals with Mental Disorders: A One-Group Pretest–Posttest Study | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | - |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 114-1 | - |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | - |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 陳明德;施以諾 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | Ming-De Chen;Yi-Nuo Shih | en |
| dc.subject.keyword | 思覺失調症,憂鬱症雙相情緒障礙症後設認知訓練認知偏誤正性症狀社會功能日常生活功能認知功能 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Schizophrenia,DepressionBipolar DisorderMetacognitive Training (MCT)Cognitive BiasesPositive SymptomsSocial FunctioningActivities of Daily LivingCognitive Functioning | en |
| dc.relation.page | 139 | - |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202600380 | - |
| dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | - |
| dc.date.accepted | 2026-02-03 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 醫學院 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 職能治療學系 | - |
| dc.date.embargo-lift | 2029-03-20 | - |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 職能治療學系 | |
文件中的檔案：
| 檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ntu-114-1.pdf 此日期後於網路公開 2029-03-20 | 6.73 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件，除了特別指名其著作權條款之外，均受到著作權保護，並且保留所有的權利。