影響多元環境行動的因素：基於台灣社會變遷調查的多變量分析

Abstract

在隨著全球氣候危機加劇，台灣及各國紛紛邁向 2050 淨零排放目標，公民的有效參與已成為民主國家推動永續轉型的重要基石。然而，過去環境心理學研究多將「親環境行為」（PEB）視為單一整體的概念，忽略了不同行動背後迥異的驅動機制，導致「環保意識」與「實際行動」之間長期存在落差。為打破這種單一論述，本研究主張不同類型的親環境行為是受不同動機驅動的獨立建構。 本研究透過實證分析，將台灣民眾的環境行動拆解為五大維度：日常習慣、政策支持、支付意願、社區行動與公共行動。並運用調整後的「計畫行為理論」（TPB）與「價值—信念—規範」（VBN）整合模型，深入探討社會人口背景、心理認知、社會規範及情境因素如何共同形塑行為選擇。研究發現，心理距離在環境參與中扮演決定性角色：台灣民眾對廢棄物處理等即時、具體的環境關懷，驅動力遠大於抽象的氣候風險。此外，本研究揭示了台灣公民社會中獨特的「信任悖論」：政府信任雖能有效促進政策支持與財務貢獻等體制內行為，但對政府的不信任並不導致政治冷漠，反而激發了以「警覺公民」為特徵的基層自發動員，呈現出一種繞過國家體制、強調地方能動性的參與路徑。最後，透過典型相關分析（CCA），本研究進一步歸納出四種台灣環境公民模式：覺醒公民（受規範驅動）、社區中心參與者（受地方感與不信任驅動）、公領域動員者（受資源與災害經驗驅動）與青年行動家（受教育與體制外抗爭驅動）。這些發現不僅在理論上拆分了親環境行為的單一面向，實務上有助於根據不同群體的心理與社會特徵，引導民眾採取更具成效的環境行動，加速社會整體的氣候轉型。

As global climate crises intensify and nations—including Taiwan—strive toward ambitious 2050 Net Zero targets, mobilizing effective public action has become a cornerstone of sustainable development. The success of these democratic transitions depends on a nuanced understanding of how citizens engage with environmental issues; however, past research often treats pro-environmental behavior (PEB) as a monolithic concept, which contributes to a persistent gap between environmental awareness and actual action. This study addresses this gap by disaggregating PEB in Taiwan into five empirically distinct constructs: Daily Habits, Policy Support, Willingness to Pay, Community Action, and Public Action. Using an adjusted TPB-VBN framework, we examine how socio-demographic, psychological, and contextual factors interact to influence these diverse modes of participation. Our analysis reveals that psychological distance plays a decisive role in engagement, with immediate concerns like waste management carrying significantly more weight than abstract climate risks. Furthermore, we identify a unique "Trust Paradox" in Taiwan’s civil society. While institutional trust fosters state-aligned support and financial sacrifice, distrust in government does not lead to apathy but instead fuels grassroots mobilization through the "Vigilant Citizen" pathway. Finally, by synthesizing these factors via Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), this research establishes a typology of four environmental actor patterns: the Awakened Citizen, the Community-Centric Actor, the Public-Sphere Mobilizer, and the Youth Activist. These findings provide a targeted roadmap for policy interventions, guiding individuals toward more impactful environmental engagement based on their specific psychological and social characteristics.