影響親密關係暴力女性被害人接受社工服務的相關因素研究

Abstract

台灣家庭暴力防治法已實施20餘年，雖然政府針對親密關係暴力議題已制定相關法規、制度及服務資源，但實務上仍有部分女性被害人不願意接受社工服務。為瞭解現行責任通報制度下，影響親密關係暴力女性被害人接受社工服務意願及再通報情形的相關因素，並深入探討她們求助及接受服務的歷程與障礙，本研究採取量化與質化研究結合之順序設計，第一階段針對2019年7月1日至2020年6月30日所通報之親密關係暴力通報案件進行次級資料分析，第二階段則訪談7位親密關係暴力女性被害人，瞭解他們求助歷程與服務使用經驗。綜合量化與質化資料分析結果，本研究結論與建議摘要如下： 一、親密關係暴力非單一偶發事件，並具權力控制本質，其中經濟暴力及性暴力尤須關注。從次級資料分析結果可知，33%被害人拒絕接受社工服務，運用廣義線性混合模型（Generalized Linear Mixed Model，GLMM）分析傾向、使能及需求因素對被害人接受社工服務意願之影響，本研究完整模型具20.9%解釋力，且傾向、使能及需求因素之固定效果解釋力高於個體差異解釋力，顯示模型解釋力佳，其中又以需求因素為最主要之關鍵因素。 二、傾向、使能及需求因素、接受社工服務意願及是否開案皆為影響被害人1年內再通報情形之相關因素，但固定效果解釋力低於個體差異解釋力，顯示個體差異間仍有許多變項尚未涵蓋。另從深度訪談結果可知，再通報不等於暴力惡化，部分是被害人權能感及求助能動性提升的展現。 三、親密關係暴力被害人求助改變歷程具階段性，但非線性歷程，且會受到社會環境、人際層面及個人因素的影響；客觀危險是啟動求助的關鍵，而自我覺察、子女安全及經濟自主則是驅動改變的核心。另外，資源可近性與充足性非僅取決於物理空間的分布，更涉及被害人對資源的認知情形與信任度。 四、研究建議：在實務層面，應持續強化被害人與專業人對暴力本質與樣態的覺察，建立以需求與動機為核心的階段性處遇，及強化被害人與目睹兒少的賦權與創傷復原。在政策層面，應重新檢討親密關係暴力責任通報制度，並重新檢視與定義再通報的意涵，避免專業人員因追求數據指標出現制度背叛行為；強化專業信任關係的建立，以擴展資源可近性，並強化加害人責任與性別平權意識，以從根本預防暴力。

This study employs a sequential mixed-methods design to investigate the factors influencing help-seeking intentions and re-reporting patterns among female survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) under Taiwan’s mandatory reporting system. The research synthesized secondary data analysis was conducted on IPV cases reported between July 1, 2019, and June 30, 2020, and conducted in-depth interviews with 7 survivors to explore their service experiences and help-seeking barriers. Key findings are as follows: 1. Predictors of Service Utilization: IPV is identified as a continuous process of coercive control. Quantitative results reveal that 33% of survivors declined social work services. Utilizing a Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM), the study demonstrates that the model explains 20.9% of the variance in service acceptance, with "need factors" (objective and perceived danger) identified as the primary determinants. 2. Re-conceptualizing Re-reporting: While quantitative analysis shows that service acceptance correlates with higher re-reporting, qualitative insights reveal that re-reporting often reflects an enhancement in the survivor’s help-seeking agency and institutional trust, rather than a failure of intervention. However, the influence of individual-level random effects suggests latent variables beyond the current model remain significant. 3. Dynamics of Change and Accessibility: The help-seeking process is a phased, non-linear trajectory. While objective danger triggers initial contact, self-awareness, child safety, and economic autonomy are the core drivers of transformative change. Furthermore, resource accessibility is determined not merely by geographic distribution but by the survivor’s cognitive perception and institutional trust. 4. Recommendations: Practice should shift toward demand-driven, phased interventions and empowerment for survivors and witnessing children. At the policy level, it is recommended that the mandatory reporting system be re-evaluated and the interpretation of "re-reporting" be redefined to prevent institutional betrayal arising from performance-driven metrics. Strengthening perpetrator accountability and gender equality remains essential for root-cause prevention.