水利襲產的再基礎設施化： 從資源維護到地方照護

Abstract

襲產如何連結日常生活而有利於社會福祉的提升？由此基本關懷出發，本研究以水利基礎設施的襲產化為焦點，主張襲產化應從文化或環境資源維護的主流襲產論述實踐，轉向強調連結社群日常生活的地方照護行動，亦即使襲產成為支持社區運作的基礎設施。本文立基於批判襲產研究之上，既將襲產視為文化操演過程，同時也結合基礎設施、維護與照護研究，主張從創造性維修、象徵建構的社群性及文化親密性等面向使水利襲產再基礎設施化，成為連結當代社會生活並持續照護社會-生態關係的基進襲產。 本文首先考察水的資源化及相應的水利設施歷史轉化過程，指出由私有化、國家化到襲產化的轉折，也呈現襲產化是在本土化、社區營造及地方化脈絡下，使社區居民取得介入基礎設施的機會。本文為凸顯襲產與社會生活連結的必要性，進一步以五溝及天母社區作為社區行動案例。指出兩個社區的水利基礎設施襲產化過程，在不同社區條件及運作邏輯下，襲產化外加或內生於社區生活的差異，乃是人水關係親疏反轉的關鍵因素。 五溝社區作為法定客家聚落保存區，多年來官方挹注諸多資源，試圖縫補從宗族聚落到資本社區的聚落衰退問題，以襲產尋求社區再發展的潛力。然而官方計畫扶植下，專業政策代理組織推動的襲產化行動，外加於社區運作邏輯之上，未能建立在地支持社群，反而加劇社區衝突。晚近雖由修復及改造水利基礎設施，企圖同時達成生態復育及修補社區關係的目的，但缺乏支持社群，仍難以實現打造文化生態聚落實踐地方照護的初衷。 天母社區的草山水道襲產化行動，由搶救抵抗的社會運動轉為常年持續的水道祭社區行動，立基於社區媽媽由小孩、學校到生活環境的照護，所形成之教養社群之上。草山水道體現串接人與自然關係的基礎設施中介特質，使教養社群既著眼於社區內生活環境品質的維繫，更向外延展至整體草山社會-生態環境的照護。但例行化、疲乏感及成為學校負擔的水道祭，也面臨轉型的考驗。

How can heritage be connected to everyday life in ways that enhance social well-being? Starting from this fundamental concern, this study focuses on the heritagization of hydraulic infrastructure. It argues that heritagization should shift from mainstream discourses of cultural or environmental resource preservation toward local care practices that emphasize connections with community daily life—making heritage itself a foundational infrastructure that supports community operations. Grounded in critical heritage studies, this paper views heritage as a process of cultural performance while also integrating research on infrastructure, maintenance, and care. It proposes that hydraulic heritage can be re-infrastructuralized through dimensions such as creative repair, community-based symbolic construction, and cultural intimacy, thereby becoming a radical form of heritage that links contemporary social life and sustains socio-ecological relations. This paper first examines the process of water’s resourceization and the historical transformations of hydraulic infrastructure, highlighting the shifts from privatization, nationalization, to heritagization. It shows that heritagization, within the contexts of localization, community building, and place-making, provides community residents with opportunities to engage in infrastructure. To emphasize the necessity of linking heritage with social life, the paper further presents the communities of Wugou and Tianmu as case studies of community action. It points out that the heritagization of hydraulic infrastructure in these two communities, under different local conditions and operational logics, reveals the distinction between heritage being externally imposed or internally embedded in community life—this difference is a key factor in reshaping the intimacy or estrangement of human–water relations. As a legally designated Hakka settlement preservation area, the Wugou community has received substantial official resources over the years, aiming to mend the decline from a clan-based settlement to a capital-driven community and to seek potential for redevelopment through heritage. However, under government-supported programs, heritagization actions promoted by professional policy agencies were imposed upon the community’s operational logic, failing to build local support networks and instead intensifying community conflicts. More recently, efforts to repair and transform hydraulic infrastructure have attempted to achieve both ecological restoration and the mending of community relations. Yet, due to the lack of supportive local networks, it remains difficult to realize the original intention of creating a cultural-ecological settlement that practices place-based care. The heritagization of the Caoshan waterway in the Tianmu community evolved from a social movement of rescue and resistance into a long-term, recurring community ritual known as the Waterway Festival. This action was grounded in caregiving practices led by community mothers, extending from children and schools to the living environment, thereby forming a nurturing community. The Caoshan waterway embodies the mediating qualities of infrastructure that connect human–nature relations, enabling the nurturing community to not only focus on maintaining the quality of the local living environment but also to extend care outward to the broader socio-ecological environment of Caoshan. However, the routinization of the Waterway Festival, the sense of fatigue, and its increasing burden on schools have posed challenges for transformation.