一次用飲料杯減量政策探討

Abstract

一次用飲料杯長期造成大量資源消耗與廢棄物問題，已成為全球普遍關注之環境議題。雖然多數文獻肯定循環杯之潛在效益，但在生命週期影響特別是清洗流程的環境衝擊上，研究仍屬不足，且臺灣案例更為稀少。 本研究在探討臺灣一次用飲料杯減量政策之成效，並結合生命週期評估 (Life Cycle Assessment, LCA) 方法，針對不同清洗情境進行環境影響分析。研究方法包含使用SimaPro建模模擬集中清洗、原地人工清洗與原地機洗等情境；亦透過文獻回顧比較國際政策工具與案例；以及調查臺灣現行政策及業者運行模式。 研究結果顯示，臺灣政策宣導能提升民眾環境意識，但認知與實際行動間存在落差，缺乏基礎設施與標準化流程亦限制政策推廣。在環境層面，以原地洗碗機清洗具最低環境負荷，但考量空間與成本，環境衝擊次之的情境－集中至清洗廠更具實務可行性。敏感度分析則進一步表明能源效率為影響循環杯環境表現之關鍵因子。綜合而言，臺灣未來應建立統一的清洗與租借平台，以及完善配套措施，提升政策可行性與環境效益。

Single-use beverage cups have long contributed to significant resource consumption and waste generation, making them a major global environmental issue. Although reusable cups are often recognized for their potential environmental benefits, research addressing their life cycle impacts—particularly the washing process—remains limited, and studies in the Taiwanese context are even scarcer. This study aims to evaluate Taiwan’s single-use cup reduction policies while assessing the environmental performance of different reusable cup washing scenarios through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). In addition, international case studies and policy tools were reviewed to compare global practices, while Taiwan’s current policy framework and industry practices were examined. The results indicate that Taiwan’s promotional campaigns have raised public environmental awareness, yet a gap persists between awareness and actual behavior, with infrastructure limitations and the absence of standardized processes hindering wider adoption. LCA results reveal that in-store machine washing has the lowest environmental burden; however, centralized washing proves more practical when space, cost, and hygiene considerations are included. Sensitivity analysis highlights energy efficiency as the most critical factor shaping overall environmental outcomes. In conclusion, the study suggests that Taiwan should develop a unified system for reusable cup borrowing and washing, strengthen supportive infrastructure, and prioritize energy efficiency improvements. These strategies would enhance both the feasibility and the long-term sustainability of reusable cup policies.