以自我決定論視角分析中國大陸綜藝行業實習生的心理動機——以湖南廣電集團為例

Abstract

近年來，隨著短影音平臺的崛起，以湖南廣電集團為代表的中國大陸綜藝行業發展前景面臨挑戰，但仍是輿論熱議的焦點，吸引衆多學生進入綜藝行業進行實習。本研究以自我決定論（Self-Determination Theory, SDT）為理論視角，探討中國大陸綜藝行業實習生的心理動機。 本次研究透過對不同實習組別的綜藝實習生進行深度訪談。首先，前往綜藝實習的學生通常抱有三種不同的目標，分別是對綜藝製作和娛樂圈的興趣，對戲劇衝突的興趣和就業需求，三種目標都有外在與内在目標之分，透過控制基本需求而影響實習生們最終的職業規劃和工作態度。其次，本次研究以六個不同的實習事件為例，發現不同實習事件對實習生的基本心理需求的影響很大，進而影響實習生的去留，這一影響主要是來自帶教的激勵風格是自主支持型還是壓力控制型，自主支持型的管理風格會使實習生的工作熱情高漲，更想要反復持續實習。另外，本次研究發現，實習生與明星之間通常缺乏真實互動，所以與明星之間的關係較難對實習生產生積極影響，甚至可能因為與明星缺少真實互動，或短暫真實互動而損害明星在實習生心中的形象。最後，本次研究以調節方式差異理解實習生的心理變化，發現不同的價值觀調節方式直接影響實習生的去留意願，而近年來綜藝行業的低迷則使實習生的内化方式更偏向外部動機驅動。 本次研究藉由自我決定論剖析實習生的心理動機，幫助學界開拓實習議題的心理視角，由此理解實習生這一不穩定身份，也同時為自我決定論應用在中國大陸的媒介產業研究開拓了場域。研究從理論出發，為綜藝實習生和綜藝行業都提出了關鍵的建議。

In recent years, with the rise of short-video platforms, the development prospects of China’s variety show industry—represented by Hunan Broadcasting System—have faced significant challenges. Nevertheless, the sector remains a focal point of public discussion, attracting a considerable number of university students to undertake unpaid internships lacking basic labor protections, in hopes of gaining industry experience and enhancing their competitiveness. Guided by Self-Determination Theory (SDT), this study examines the psychological motivations of interns in China’s variety show industry, identifying the key factors shaping their internship experiences and the mechanisms through which these factors exert influence. This study employs in-depth interviews with variety show interns across different internship groups. First, it identifies three primary goals that students typically hold when entering variety show internships: an interest in variety production and the entertainment industry, an interest in dramatic conflict, and employment-related needs. Each of these goals may be pursued through both intrinsic and extrinsic orientations, and the satisfaction or frustration of basic psychological needs shapes interns’ eventual career planning and work attitudes. Second, by examining six specific internship events, the study finds that different types of internship experiences exert significant influence on the fulfillment of interns’ basic psychological needs, which in turn affect their retention decisions. Central to this process is the motivational style of the supervising mentors: autonomy-supportive approaches tend to enhance interns’ enthusiasm and willingness to engage in repeated internships, whereas controlling approaches are more likely to undermine such motivation. Furthermore, the study observes that interactions between interns and celebrities are often superficial or absent, making it difficult for such encounters to generate positive effects; in some cases, the lack of genuine engagement, or only fleeting authentic contact, even diminishes the celebrity’s image in the minds of the interns. Finally, by analyzing the differences in regulatory orientations, the study demonstrates that interns’ value regulation directly shapes their intentions to remain or withdraw. The recent downturn of the variety show industry further indicates a shift toward externally driven motivational processes in the internalization of interns’ experiences. By employing Self-Determination Theory to analyze the psychological motivations of interns, this study not only offers a new perspective on the precarious identity of interns in the entertainment field but also extends the application of SDT to the mainland Chinese media industry studies. The research contributes theoretically by enriching scholarly discussions on internships from a psychological standpoint, and practically by providing key recommendations for both interns and the variety show industry.