我國軍工產業發展政策與法制之研究

Abstract

一個國家除了傳統的歷史傳承及文化外，擁有獨立主權是成為國家的必備要素，而國防力量是確保國家能擁有獨立主權的關鍵，其強弱同時與該國家經濟力量及軍事力量形成相關指標。本研究所探討之軍工產業可提供國家在經濟及軍事力量上的強化，透過研究軍工產業的發展政策與法規制度，並將美國、以色列與我國的軍工產業發展現況進行比較，可看出其中的政策發展差異。 美國作為全球軍工產業的領導者，其發展歷程受到冷戰、後冷戰以及911襲擊事件等多個時期國際局勢變化的影響。美國政府採取了不同的政策，包括擴大內需市場、推動軍民兩用科技、鼓勵軍工企業進行合併和收購、拓展海外市場以及加強資訊科技的研發和應用，使美國在全球軍工市場中享有領導地位。 以色列的軍工產業在國家安全持續受到周遭國家及激進組織軍事威脅下所發展起來。由於國土面積狹小、人口不多，以色列將有限的資源投入到高科技武器的開發中，並積極推動軍民合作和國際技術合作。以色列的產業以其創新性和效率著稱，其研發的鐵穹防禦系統等高科技武器在國際上享有高度盛譽，使其成為全球軍工市場重要參與者，值得我國借鏡。 我國發展軍工產業應依循強化自主研發能力、推動軍民融合、擴大國際合作、建立軍工產業園區、設定產業政策、修訂國防產業相關法令以提供軍工產業發展所需法源基礎。本研究透過國家競爭優勢鑽石體系及新管制理論對我國發展軍工產業進行資源盤點及法規適足性檢視，以現有產業優勢著手開展軍工產業，才能產生有效的戰略功能和經濟效益。

Beyond traditional historical heritage and culture, independent sovereignty is a prerequisite for a nation to be recognized as a state. National defense is the key to ensuring a nation's independent sovereignty, and its strength is correlated with the nation's economic and military power. This research explores the defense industry, which can enhance a nation's economic and military capabilities. By examining the development policies and legal frameworks of the defense industry and comparing the current status of the defense industries between the United States, Israel, and Taiwan, shows the differences in defense policy. As a global leader in the defense industry, the United States' development trajectory has been influenced by shifts in the international political situation across multiple periods, including the Cold War, the post-Cold War era, and the 9/11 attacks. The U.S. government has adopted various policies, including expanding domestic demand, promoting dual-use technology, encouraging mergers and acquisitions among defense companies, expanding overseas markets, and strengthening the research and application of information technology, enabling the United States to enjoy a dominant position in the global defense market. Israel's defense industry has developed under the continuous military threats to its national security from neighboring countries and radical organizations. Due to its limited land area and population, Israel has invested its limited resources in the development of high-tech weaponry and actively promoted civil-military cooperation and international technological collaboration. Israel's industry is known for its innovation and efficiency, and its developed high-tech weapons, such as the Iron Dome defense system, enjoy high international prestige, making it a significant participant in the global defense market. Taiwan’s development of the defense industry should follow the principles of strengthening independent research and development capabilities, promoting civil-military integration, expanding international cooperation, establishing defense industrial parks, setting industrial strategy, and revising relevant military industry legal system to provide the necessary legal basis for the development of the defense industry. This research utilizes Michael Porter’s National Diamond Model of national competitive advantage and the New Public Management Theory to assess the resources for Taiwan’s defense industry development and the status of the current regulation system. Starting with existing industrial advantages to develop the defense industry is essential to generate effective strategic functions and economic benefits.