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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 呂榮祥 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Rong-Shyang Lu | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 杜秉霖 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author | Bing-Lin Tu | en |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-11-26T16:05:33Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2025-11-27 | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2025-11-26 | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2025 | - |
| dc.date.submitted | 2025-11-19 | - |
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/100919 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 本研究探討在兩光子（diphoton）與兩噴流（2-jet）產生過程中觀察電弱（electroweak）產物的靈敏度。分析使用 CMS 實驗在大型強子對撞機（LHC）上以中心質量能量 √s = 13 TeV 進行的模擬質子-質子碰撞事件，並設計選擇準則以增強電弱訊號相較於主要的強作用（strong interaction）背景。電弱成分透過對雙噴流不變質量 mjj 及贗快度差 ∆η 分布進行模板擬合（template fit）來提取，並選取最佳化的相空間以提高訊號靈敏度。本研究評估不同選擇策略下的統計顯著性，並探討分離電弱貢獻的可行性。結果不僅驗證了模板擬合方法的有效性，亦可作為未來實驗測量的重要參考。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | This study presents an investigation of the sensitivity to the electroweak production of a diphoton system accompanied by two jets. The analysis uses simulated proton-proton collision events at a center-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV, generated by the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Event selections are optimized to enhance the electroweak signal over the dominant strong interaction background. The electroweak contribution is determined via a template fit to the dijet invariant mass (mjj) and pseudorapidity separation (∆η) distributions within a fiducial phase space chosen to maximize signal sensitivity. The study evaluates the expected statistical significance of the signal under different selection strategies and assesses the feasibility of isolating the electroweak contribution. The results provide insight into the effectiveness of the template fitting method and serve as a baseline for future experimental measurements. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Submitted by admin ntu (admin@lib.ntu.edu.tw) on 2025-11-26T16:05:33Z No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2025-11-26T16:05:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Verification Letter from the Oral Examination Committee i
Acknowledgements ii 摘要 iv Abstract v Contents vi List of Figures x List of Tables xii Denotation xiii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 EWK process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Chapter 2 Theoretical Background 5 2.1 Introduction to the Standard Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.1.1 Electroweak Theory and Gauge Symmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.1.2 Gauge Bosons and Their Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.2 Diphoton Production in the Standard Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.2.1 Direct and Fragmentation Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.2.2 Electroweak Diphoton Production with Two Jets . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.3 Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and Jet Production . . . . . . . . 13 2.3.1 QCD and Strong Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.3.2 Jet Production Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.3.3 Interplay Between QCD and Electroweak Interactions . . . . . . . . 16 Chapter 3 Experimental Scheme 18 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.2 The Large Hadron Collider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.2.1 Collision Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.3 The CMS Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.3.1 Tracker System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.3.2 Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.3.3 Hadronic Calorimeter (HCAL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.3.4 Muon System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.3.5 Solenoid Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.3.6 Pseudorapidity and Rapidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.4 Data Acquisition System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.4.1 Trigger System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.4.2 Event Storage and Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 3.5 Calibration and Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 3.5.1 Calibration of Subdetectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3.5.2 Detector Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3.6 Pileup and Its Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.6.1 Definition of Pileup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.6.2 Effects on Physics Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.6.3 Pileup Mitigation Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.7 Luminosity and Event Yield Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Chapter 4 Event Selection 34 4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 4.2 MC simulation and background samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 4.2.1 MC simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 4.2.2 background reducible samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 4.3 Photons Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 4.3.1 Use of ∆R in Photon Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 4.4 Jets Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 4.5 Event Selection Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 4.5.1 Photon Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 4.5.2 Jet Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 4.5.3 Electroweak Signal Region Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Chapter 5 Background Estimation 53 5.1 Fitting Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 5.1.1 Template Fit with TFractionFitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 5.1.2 Extended Likelihood Fit with RooFit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 5.1.3 Physics Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 5.2 Estimation of Fake Photon Background Using Template Fit in σηη . . 55 5.3 Extraction of Prompt Photon Fraction in mjj Bins . . . . . . . . . . 57 5.3.1 Event Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 5.3.2 Template Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 5.3.3 Fitting Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 5.3.4 Estimation of Signal-Like Yields Using Photon Purity . . . . . . . . 59 5.4 Extraction of Relative Contributions in the mjj Spectrum . . . . . . . 64 5.5 Confidence Interval Determination for the EWK Signal Yield . . . . 67 5.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 References 71 | - |
| dc.language.iso | en | - |
| dc.subject | 標準模型 | - |
| dc.subject | 電弱作用 | - |
| dc.subject | 規範玻色子耦合 | - |
| dc.subject | 雙光子產生 | - |
| dc.subject | 緊湊緲子線圈 | - |
| dc.subject | Standard Model | - |
| dc.subject | Diphoton production | - |
| dc.subject | Electroweak interaction | - |
| dc.subject | CMS measurement | - |
| dc.subject | Gauge boson coupling | - |
| dc.title | 在CMS探測器中觀察雙光子伴隨雙噴流電弱產生過程之靈敏度研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Study of sensitivity in observing electroweak production of diphoton in association with two jets at CMS detector | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | - |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 114-1 | - |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | - |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 郭家銘;裴思達 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | Chia-Ming Kuo;Stathes Paganis | en |
| dc.subject.keyword | 標準模型,電弱作用規範玻色子耦合雙光子產生緊湊緲子線圈 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Standard Model,Diphoton productionElectroweak interactionCMS measurementGauge boson coupling | en |
| dc.relation.page | 75 | - |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202502786 | - |
| dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | - |
| dc.date.accepted | 2025-11-19 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 理學院 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 物理學系 | - |
| dc.date.embargo-lift | 2026-01-01 | - |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 物理學系 | |
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