創意城市的文化發展策略－以日本金澤市為例

Abstract

本論文之研究目的，在於了解為何日本金澤市身為一個「傳統」的手工藝之都，竟能獲得UNESCO聯合國教科文組織世界「創意」城市的殊榮？其邁向創意城市之文化發展策略為何？如何奠基在歷史及傳統上發揮新意，將其轉型成為創意城市？如何讓傳統與現代文化並進發展？本論文希望透過對金澤市的研究、觀察，了解其城市文化發展策略，並將研究成果供我國策略擬定之。 本論文採用「文獻資料分析法」、「訪問法」及「參與觀察法」進行探究分析，在了解金澤市的歷史背景、地理環境、傳統工藝、文化組織、文化設施、歷史與文化景觀以及文化活動等相關資料，並實地赴金澤市訪察研究後，筆者了解到，雖然金澤市同樣面臨時代變遷、生活形態改變、人才與後繼者不足、需求衰退等問題，但也積極因應以突破困境，綜理後歸納其七大文化發展策略如下：（1）文化資源保存活化（2）傳統承繼與再創新（3）創意人才培養育成（4）創意氛圍建立營造（5）文化事業連結推展（6）創意政府實踐體現（7）接軌國際傳遞貢獻等。 最後，筆者認為在邁向創意城市的進程中，各城市應以開放、包容的態度廣納市民意見，深化市民、團體組織、企業等對地方文化的認同與喜愛，促使民間與政府同心一體，以期共同推動城市進步發展。

The research purpose of this dissertation is to understand why Kanazawa Japan receives great honor and is awarded as creative city from UNESCO for being a “traditional” city of handicraft? What are its cultural development strategies to head toward a creative city? How to transform itself to a creative city and to exert fresh ideas historically and conventionally? How to enable a parallel development of both traditional and modern culture? The paper expects to understand development strategies of urban culture through study and observation of Kanazawa city, with research outcomes provided as reference to draft strategies for Taiwan. The paper introduces “literature review analysis”, “interview method”, and “participation observation” to conduct analysis, to understand the historical background, geography, traditional craft, cultural organization, culture facility, historical and cultural landscapes, cultural activities and related information of Kanazawa city. After a field research on Kanazawa city is conducted, the author realizes that, although Kanazawa city faces a change in time and lifestyle, insufficient talents and successor, decline in demand at the same time, it also responds to break through difficulty in a proactive way, in which 7 cultural development strategies were summarized as below : (1) conservation and activation of cultural resources (2) succession and re-innovation of tradition (3) development and incubation of creative talents (4) creation and establishment of creative atmosphere (5) connection and promotion of cultural business (6) fulfillment and realization of creative government (7) contribution for connecting to the world. Lastly, in author’s point of view, various cities should be open-minded and tolerant to receive citizens’ opinions during the process of heading toward a creative city, with cognition and fancy about local culture deepened between citizens, communities/groups and enterprises, to urge the folk circle and the government becomes one to expect to jointly drive progress and development of cities.