http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/30 2026-04-12T18:21:21Z http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/46006 標題: 黏結砂礫之FRP板與混凝土複合梁之力學分析研究; Mechanical Analysis Of Aggregate- Coated FRP-Concrete Composite Beams 作者: Ching-Han Chang; 張景涵 摘要: 國外學者把FRP與混凝土兩種材料做複合，期待複合後能夠發揮自身既有的優點，彌補彼此不足與缺點，形成更有效率、更臻完善之橋面板系統。 FRP與混凝土的有效黏結是保證FRP－混凝土組合結構正常工作的基礎。為增強黏結效果，對FRP板表面採取了黏結砂石與礫石的措施。FRP-混凝土複合梁於加載時兩者界面一旦出現變形不連續和滑移的情況，會改變其荷載－位移曲線。黏結砂石與礫石複合梁之最後破壞模式雖然相同，但在荷載－位移曲線有不同的結果，顯然與界面的破壞特徵有關係。 分析研究成果主要集中在荷載－位移曲線的模擬，對於構件的破壞形態未做過多的考慮。本研究希望藉由加入接觸元素的方式來嘗試模擬界面的黏結－滑移行為，進一步的與實驗值去做探討使用的可行性，並可得到一些無法由實驗中得到或發現的結果。 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/17809 標題: 黏滯型隔震系統之隔震阻尼比最佳化設計公式 及雙向變曲率型摩擦隔震系統理論與實驗研究; Optimal Design Formulas for Isolation Systems with Viscous Dampers and Theoretical and Experimental Study of Bidirectional Sliding Isolators with Variable Curvature 作者: Yang-Chih Fan; 范揚志 摘要: 本文分為兩部分，第一部分為探討隔震系統之隔震阻尼比最佳化設計公式，第二部分為雙向變曲率摩擦隔震系統之理論與實驗研究。 第一部分旨在探討線性黏滯型隔震系統之最佳隔震阻尼比，首先由動力平衡方程式轉換成一階狀態方程式，以求得離散時間系統之狀態方程式來進行動力分析。再者，鑒於前人文獻在設計最佳化公式時，多以白雜訊為地表加速度輸入，但實例分析之效果無法反映地域之特性，故本文擬以177筆台灣之實際地表加速度作為輸入進行數值分析，並分別考慮結構為剛體與非剛體系統及變動多組結構參數情況下，使結構絕對加速度之均方最小化，以求取隔震系統之最佳阻尼比，並配合迴歸分析，從而建立設計公式。最後，以331地震分別為TAP097及CHY003兩個測站所得之地表加速度為輸入及台大土木研究大樓進行案例分析以驗證本文所提最佳化設計公式之可行性，由實例分析結果顯示本文之最佳化設計公式所得到之隔震效果與實際最佳情況相當接近，且整體效能優於由前人文獻所提出設計公式之結果。因此，本文所提之隔震阻尼比最佳化設計公式，實屬可行，可供工程師作隔震系統初步設計之用。 第二部分旨在探討雙向變曲率隔震系統在近遠域震波下之行為與預測。傳統滑動隔震支承對於近域震波易產生低頻似共振之現象，因而影響其隔震效能，為改善此問題本文使用多項式型摩擦單擺支承以進行實驗及理論之研究，此支承之滑動曲面係為多項式函數之軸對稱面，經由變化其函數之係數可將支承之回復力分為軟化段與硬化段兩種不同功能之區段，其中軟化段係用以降低結構加速度反應，硬化段則用以抑制支承位移。又目前對於變曲率隔震系統之理論模型多著墨於單一軸向，但實際地震卻為三維方向，故本文針對多項式型摩擦單擺支承進行水平雙向振動台實驗，並推導變曲率支承在水平雙向之回復力及摩擦力，從而建立隔震系統之數值模型，並進行相關之理論預測。由實驗及理論分析結果可知，本文提出之理論模型能夠有效預測實驗結果，證明雙向變曲率隔震系統之可預測性，且由理論模型驗證與傳統摩擦單擺支承(FPS系統)相比，變曲率支承在近域震波下能夠有效抑制支承位移，且當震波PGA越大抑制效果越明顯。; In this paper, two parts of study were included. The first part was talking about optimal design formulas for isolation systems with viscous dampers. The next part was the theoretical and experimental study about bidirectional sliding isolator with variable curvature. For the first part of this paper, the motion equilibrium equation was transformed to first-order state space equation. Then we could obtain the state space equation in discrete-time system for dynamics analysis. According to the previous literature in optimal design formulas, the system was usually subjected to white-noise excitation. But the case analysis in previous study was not doing well because the formulas could not retain the regional feature. Therefore, the numerical analysis intended to input several ground motion records in Taiwan. After that, considered the structure system in rigid and non-rigid system with variable structure parameters. And the mean square of absolute structural acceleration had been minimized for obtaining optimal isolation damping ratio. Repeating the optimal process with various structural parameters, the proposed simple design formula was developed by regression of those optimal isolation damping ratios from numerical simulations. Finally, we conducted the case analysis to verify the feasibility of proposed optimal design formulas. For the second part, conventional sliding isolation systems might not be effectiveness when the isolated structures are subjected to near fault ground motions. In order to solve this problem, the polynomial friction pendulum isolator (PFPI) had been used. The restoring stiffness of this new type of isolators possessed a softening and a hardening section for reducing the structural acceleration and suppressing the isolator drift, respectively. Furthermore, previous studies of seismic isolation of variable curvature almost focused on single axes. Therefore, the shaking table test for PFPI isolator in two directions and its simulation model were conducted. According to the analysis results in shaking table test and simulation, the simulation model could predict the test results effectively for verifying the predictability of such isolation system. 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/42698 標題: 黏滯型及摩擦型隔震系統消能參數之最佳化設計公式; Optimum Design Formulas for Isolation Systems with Viscous Dampers and Friction Dampers 作者: Pei-Shiou Kao; 高培修 摘要: 隔震系統以其柔度阻絕地震力之傳輸路徑，卻帶來隔震層相當可觀之位移，消能機制遂不可或缺，阻尼量過猶不及，均無法兼顧結構耐震及隔震層位移之需求。有鑑於此，本文旨在探討隔震系統之最佳消能參數，主要分為兩部分；線性黏滯消能隔震系統部分，單自由度結構經隔震後成二自由度系統，在白雜訊地表加速度之作用下，使結構絕對加速度之均方最小化，從而求取隔震系統之最佳阻尼比。若結構為剛體或無阻尼，從理論推導，求得隔震系統阻尼比之最佳設計公式。若結構具阻尼，從最小化，得最佳阻尼比之一元四次方程式，工程師利用商用軟體，可解之。此外，本文更彙整最佳化結果，製作成設計圖表，供工程師參考。摩擦消能隔震系統部分，將系統以狀態方程式表示，定義出目標函數，利用變分法將該目標函數予以最小化，可得三組方程式與兩組邊界條件，透過方程式與邊界條件，以數值迭代法即可求得摩擦消能系統之最佳化設計參數，並在五組隨機地表加速度下，變換結構參數，並由數值方法求得相應之最佳參數，配合以迴歸分析，從而建立設計公式。最後，以隨機、El Centro及TAP097測站測得之331地震地表加速度驗證本文所提最佳消能參數之可行性，雖然三者均非用以建立公式之設計地表加速度，但以最佳消能參數所設計之隔震系統，其隔震效果與實際最佳之情況，相當接近，結構之加速度比僅微幅上升，而隔震層之位移卻小幅下降。因此，本文所提之最佳阻尼比，實屬可行，可供工程師作隔震系統初步設計之用。; The present study aims at developing optimum theory and design formula to find the optimum design parameter of two types of isolation systems : linear viscous energy dissipated isolation system and friction energy dissipated isolation system. For part of linear viscous energy dissipated system, minimize the mean square of absolute structural acceleration of single degree-of-freedom main system subjected to white-noise excitation, then the optimum design formula of linear viscous energy dissipated isolation system can be obtained. For part of friction energy dissipated system, the objective function is defined as the sum of squared structural absolute acceleration. Therefore, the optimal friction coefficient which minimizes the objective function can be obtained through numerical simulation under the five specific random ground excitations. Repeating the optimal process with various structural parameters, the proposed simple design formula is developed by regression of those optimal friction coefficients from numerical simulations. Finally, after the design formula is obtained, the feasibility is verified through implementing the proposed deign formula into a single-degree-of-freedom building with viscous and frictional isolation system under random, El Centro and 331 (TAP097) earthquakes. Comparing the performances of isolation system designed by two cases, the proposed design formula and directly optimized by each earthquakes, the performances between these two cases are very close. Consequently, the proposed design formula is simple and generally applicable. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/70263 標題: 黏性阻尼器應用於建築結構之最佳化配置方法; Optimal Placement Methods of Viscous Dampers for Building Structures 作者: Ching-Fang Huang; 黃靖芳 摘要: 近年來，黏性阻尼器(Viscous Damper)被廣泛應用於建築結構作為被動消能裝置，然而在現行的規範當中，對於阻尼器配置方法並無具體的建議與規定。儘管在阻尼配置的議題上有許多最佳化方法陸續被提出，但多數方法所夾帶的繁瑣計算，使得實務工程採用的意願較低。因此，在本研究中，主要目的為找尋設計流程簡易且兼具抗震效益之阻尼配置方法。 本研究透過整理現有阻尼配置方法，將配置方法分為兩種類型：簡易分配法以及迭代分配法，並藉由現有方法之延伸討論，提出四種新的分配法，包含一種簡易分配法以及三種迭代分配法。在配置方法分類中，迭代分配法為需要地震歷時分析以取得最佳化配置之方法，因此在本文中設定兩種設計地震歷時，分別為單筆與多筆地震歷時，並應用於迭代分配法之設計流程。另外，將新提出的迭代分配法應用於多元最佳化目標，以討論分配法對於不同最佳化目標之適用性。 將所有分配法應用於四種剪力構架中，以多筆真實地震歷時及人工合成地震歷時進行檢核，並且將性能指標表示為與均勻配置之反應折減指標。透過設計結果與檢核結果的討論，可以將整發現不經過設計的簡易分配法在檢核中有穩定的折減效果，而針對迭代分配法的討論中，以多筆地震歷時設計之迭代分配法的配置結果相比以單筆者有更優良的檢核結果，另外迭代分配法在人工合成地震歷時檢核相較於真實地震歷時所得到的反應折減更加明顯。在不同最佳化目標之分配法的檢核中，針對不同最佳化目標有不同的檢核結果，但由於多數分配法受限於單筆地震歷時設計，其檢核結果與單筆地震歷時設計之迭代分配法相同，反應折減效果皆不如預期。; Nowadays, viscous dampers are widely used in many building structures as passive energy dissipation devices. However, the issue of viscous damper placement is less mentioned in existing codes. Although many optimal damper placement methods have been proposed, most of them have difficulties in being applied to practical engineering problems due to complicated procedure and computational complexity. Therefore, we primarily focus on finding the optimal placement methods which are efficient in design procedure and energy dissipation under ground motions. In this study, all existing placement methods are divided into two groups, “Simple Distribution Methods” and “Iterative Distribution Methods”. In addition, four placement methods are proposed, including one of simple distribution methods and three of iterative distribution methods. In the group of “Iterative Distribution Methods”, two conditions for design time history are concerned in the design process: single design time history and multiple design time history. Furthermore, new placement methods are applied in different objectives and come up for discussion in applicability of methods. Different kinds of optimal placement methods are applied to four shear type buildings. The distribution results are examined by real ground motion records and spectrum-compatible time histories. The reduction of seismic response from uniform distribution is chosen as the performance index. Based on the results of examination in the study, there are some conclusions which could be drawn as follow: 1. Simple distribution methods present a stable performance. 2. In iterative distribution methods, the performance indices show that the distribution from multiple design history is better than which from single design history. 3. Most methods with good performance in design process (especially for single design history) are found with unstable result in examination, and this phenomenon can also be verified by the discussion in optimal placement methods with different objectives. 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z