http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/106 2026-04-10T21:52:22Z http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/6110 標題: 高齡者的健康狀態與社會資本相關性; Correlation between Health Status of Geriatric Population and Social Capital 作者: Yong-Yu Chen; 陳詠榆 摘要: 本研究主要目的在探討高齡者的社會資本與健康狀態之間的關係，以次級資料分析為研究方法，2010年中央研究院「台灣社會變遷基本調查計畫」第六期第一次：綜合問卷調查為分析資料。 研究中以社會信任與社會網絡為社會資本的測量變項，老人的健康狀態則以自評健康以及心理健康為不同層面之評估，社會人口變項則加入年齡、性別、婚姻狀況、教育程度、工作狀態以及家戶收入。研究結果證實，社會信任與社會網絡對於老人的自評健康與心理健康有顯著的正面效果，社會信任越佳、社會網絡連結越多，則老人的健康狀態越好，其心理憂鬱的程度越低。而社會人口變項部分，老人的教育程度與工作狀況，在控制其他變項後，亦能影響老人的健康狀態。 因此，在維護與建立老人社會資本的脈絡下，以落實在地老化的概念，在社區中提供老人生活必需的支持性資源來穩定老人的社會網絡發展，並致力消除一般大眾對老人負面的刻板印象，建立友善老人意識形態，有助於老人增進社會參與及培養人際中信任與互惠之關係。更進一步增進老人的健康，以達健康老化的目的。; The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between social capital and health status of the geriatric population. The material and method utilized is cross-sectional secondary data analysis of the “Taiwan Social Change Survey”, performed by the Academia Sinica. Social trust and social network were defined as the measured variables of social capital. The health status of the geriatric population was assessed via self-rated health and mental health. Society population variables incorporated included age, gender, marriage status, education, employment and household income. The results suggested that social trust and social network had a positive effect on the self-rated health and mental health status of the geriatric population. After controlling for other variables, the education and employment status of the geriatric population also affected their health status. It can be concluded that to establish and maintain the context of social capital of the geriatric population, adapting the concept of aging in place, providing necessary supportive resources in the community and replacing the negative image of the senile in the general population with that of a benevolent elder will not only increase social participation, but also lay grounds for trust and reciprocity in relationships of the elderly; it can be anticipated that such measurements will further promote health forward the goal of healthy aging of the elderly. 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/65911 標題: 高風險青少年非法藥物使用之風險及保護因素─以韌性觀點探究; Risk and Protective Factors of Drug Use among High-Risk Adolescents: Examining the Resilience Theory 作者: Wan-Feng Lan; 籃婉鳳 摘要: 文獻顯示高風險青少年比一般在校少年有更高的用藥危機，但國內學者卻鮮少針對高風險青少年的用藥議題進行研究，研究方向也往往著重於青少年用藥的成因，缺乏正向觀點。因此，本研究以韌性觀點作為理論基礎，探究影響高風險青少年使用非法藥物的社區風險因素，並從個人、家庭及專業人員三個面向，檢視降低高風險青少年用藥行為相關之保護因素。 本研究採用量化研究方法，針對12-21歲的高風險青少年進行自陳式問卷調查，以立意抽樣的方式，透過大台北地區相關高風險青少年的社福機構協助轉介受訪者。研究樣本共計450人，其中有效問卷為273份。本研究主要採用多元邏輯斯蒂迴歸分析檢測解釋高風險青少年用藥的風險及保護因素，研究結果摘要如下： 一、高風險青少年非法藥物使用現況：有99位受訪者過去曾使用非法藥物，占全體有效樣本36.3%，其中過去一年未接觸任何非法藥物者，占全體用藥樣本52.5%；一年內持續使用任何一種非法藥物則占全體用藥樣本47.5%，用藥類型則以「K他命」最多，其次為「搖頭丸」。 二、高風險青少年非法藥物使用相關因素：在控制的情境下，發現年齡可以預測高風險青少年的用藥行為，但性別不具解釋力。而社區風險中的非法藥物可得性及同儕用藥行為可預測高風險青少年，但個人、家庭及專業人員各面向的保護因素則不具預測性。但針對曾經用藥的受訪者發現，在控制的情境下，個人保護因素中的拒藥自我效能對高風險青少年持續用藥行為具有預測性，而年齡、社區風險及其他保護因素則不具解釋力。整體而言，影響高風險青少年用藥行為的社區風險因素中，以非法藥物可得性及同儕用藥行為最為關鍵，保護因素難以發揮效果，但對於曾用藥的高風險青少年而言，拒藥自我效能則為能降低持續使用機率的重要保護因素。 三、根據上述研究結果，研究者針對高風險青少年的家長、青少年服務機構專業工作者，以及社會大眾與政府單位提出建議。在高風險青少年家長方面，建議家長可表達更明確的拒藥態度，及創造與高風險青少年正向休閒及同儕關係。在青少年服務機構的專業工作者方面，建議可提供高風險青少年培養健康休閒及正同儕的環境，以及訓練青少年自控力與自我效能的方案；在社會大眾及政府單位方面，則建議增強毒品防治網絡連結，確切執行三級預防策略，創造安全健康的娛樂場所環境，以及積極消弭三、四級毒品來源管道。; From the literature review, high-risk adolescents are much more vulnerable to drug use than general adolescents, but few studies examined the drug use behavior of high risk adolescents in Taiwan. In the past, many studies in western countries focused on risk factors explaining adolescents’ drug use, but there was a lack of studies trying to understand why some adolescents can say no to drugs. This study tries to, on the basis of the resilience theory, explore three aspects of protective factors, including individual, family and professional factors, to drug use of high-risk adolescents. Taking a quantitative approach, this study surveyed 12 to 21 years old high-risk adolescents using a structured questionnaire. Using the purposive sampling method, respondents from welfare agencies serving high-risk adolescents of the large area of Taipei city were selected. This study received 450 questionnaires, 273 were with complete data. In this study, logistic regression analyses were used to examine high-risk adolescent’s risk and protective factors to drug use. Findings of this study indicated that over 1/3 of respondents had ever used drug; while Ketamine was the most often used drug. Furthermore, over half of respondents that ever used drug continue using drug in the past year. The study also found that after controlled for the influence of other variables, availability of drugs and drug use of peers could explain drug use behavior of high-risk adolescents. It showed that the higher availability of drugs and the more drug use of peers would increase the probabilities of drug use among high-risk adolescents. On the other hand, self-efficacy of refusing drug could explain the continuing use of drugs among high-risk adolescents. It showed that the higher self-efficacy of refusing drug would reduce the probabilities of their drug use behavior. Implications were conclude in this study, and suggestions are recommended to high-risk adolescent’s parents, workers in social organizations serving high-risk adolescents, and communities as well as governmental agencies. It is hoped that the aforementioned agencies can make efforts to help high-risk adolescent to refuse drug, and to create save environments and refrain adolescents from accessing illegal drugs. 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/39213 標題: 駐足省思臺灣社會工作的證照制度—從臺美社會工作證照制度比較談起; Reconsidering the Soical Work Licensure in Taiwan--by comparing with the Social Work Licensure/Credential in America. 作者: Hsiao Hui Ju; 蕭惠如 摘要: 臺灣於1997年社會工作師法立法通過後，開始實施社會工作師證照制度，透過每年考試院舉辦之專技高考社工師考試，篩選出合格的社工師。從推動社工師法起，社會工作者即與社會工作師證照制度存在密切關係，幾次社工師考試下來，社會工作實務界對於社工師考試開始出現爭議，認為社工師證照考試的檢測力無法反映出實務工作所需之能力，對社工師考試亦出現懷疑、不滿及不信任的聲音。對於通過社工師考試，持有社工師證照者而言，證照的功用亦有待發揮。 社會工作師證照制度實施至今，到底帶給臺灣社會工作者什麼樣的改變？社工師證照又具有何種意義？研究者欲透過此論文研究，探究社會工作師證照制度實施現況為何，是否遭遇實施困境，展望未來時，該如何調整及設計社工師證照制度，以期建立一套較適切的社會工作師證照制度，促進社會工作專業發展，並保障受社會工作者服務之案主權益。由於美國社會工作證照制度與台灣制度較相近，本研究以美國制度作為參考架構，同時考量臺美在歷史發展及文化脈絡上的差異，透過量化問卷及質性訪談等方式搜集資料，企圖對臺灣社會工作證照制度實施現況予以檢討，並勾勒出臺灣社會工作證照制度未來發展之理想圖像。 透過研究過程得知，社會工作師證照制度是作為規範社會工作專業人力的重要機制，而專業人力從學校教育、考試審核、職場用人、專業後教育訓練等層面來看，各機制的功能缺一不可。受訪者對於臺灣社會工作師證照制度實施至今的成效，大致上是採肯定的看法，也認為社會工作師證照制度之實施，似乎對社會工作者的工作權益保障有些許助益，然而，對於社會工作所服務的廣大案主群的福祉與權益保障而言，社會工作師證照制度仍有待努力。社會工作師證照的成效雖未見充份發揮，然而受訪者對社會工作師證照制度仍抱持著正向肯定的態度，並提出幾項對於社會工作師證照落實執行的期待，包括應落實進行證照管理工作、規範定額雇用制度、發展證照同級同酬的薪資制度，以及明確規範須由有證照者執行的職務範圍等。在未來社會工作師證照制度的調整方向上，受訪者亦提出幾項重要建議，諸如建立明確的社會工作人力市場的專業認證區隔(專業、半專業、非專業)；規範二十學分班應符合一定條件(滿一定工作年數、滿一定之專業後教育訓練時數)始具有社工師報考資格；建立社會工作教育品質監督機制；思考由社會工作專業組織進行專業認證的可能性；發展社會工作師證照分級制度及發展特殊專長專業資格證書等。 臺灣社會工作師證照制度今日的成果，是靠社會工作界全心投入爭取才得以造就，社工人應給自己一個肯定。展望未來，要發展一套更適合的社會工作師證照制度，仍需要全體社會工作界一同來努力。 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/71134 標題: 養護型住宿式長照機構專業團隊合作經驗之探討─以護理人員、照顧服務員及社會工作人員為例; Research on The Collaboration of Inter-Disciplinary Teamwork in Long-Term Care Institutions Providing Residential Services: The Experiences of Nurses, Care Aides, and Social Workers 作者: Lung-Ching Yen; 嚴隆慶 摘要: 住宿式長照機構是我國正式長照服務體系裡發展最久的服務類型，其中又以養護型機構數量為最多，但機構內的專業團隊整合照顧卻經常受文獻指出尚未成熟且有待進步。然而，既有文獻缺乏進一步對養護型住宿式長照機構專業團隊合作現況與困境有深入探究。爰此，本研究旨在探討養護型住宿式長照機構內的護理人員、照顧服務員與社工人員在專業團隊合作上之現況、遭遇如何之困難與因應策略，以及對理想的專業團隊合作之期許。本研究藉由質性研究深度訪談法，並以立意抽樣為主，滾雪球抽樣和網路徵詢為輔，訪談6家不同規模與不同專業背景主任的養護型住宿式長照機構內的護理人員、照顧服務員與社工人員，共18位受訪者，並以主題分析法進行資料整理。 研究結果指出，1.養護型機構專業團隊合作現況，以「有品質的照顧」為團隊共享的知識結構。三種專業人員在合作過程皆發揮同等重要、缺一不可的角色與功能，而團隊合作中的非正式互動關係能夠促進專業團隊緊密相依的凝聚力。此外，不同規模與不同專業背景主任的機構專業團隊系統運作機制及心智共享方式呈現不同樣貌。雖然機構專業團隊整合照顧發展較過往有著持續進步，但小型機構兼任社工人員由於缺乏適足人力，因此專業深度仍難以發展。2.養護型機構專業團隊在內部微視層面遭遇溝通協調時間安排與意見整合上的困難，以及夾在不同立場之間的兩難。因應策略則就溝通協調問題，團隊採取個別商討或請有決定權之主管介入協調，而針對夾在兩難困境，團隊通常採取秉持專業價值之角色立場予以回應。在機構管理層級的居間層面則面臨人力吃緊且業務量沉重影響團隊討論深度有限。在機構外部體系的鉅視層面則遇到團隊平時的付出努力難以在評鑑中展現或被肯定。而在居間層面與鉅視層面之困難，由於涉及組織管理與上級監督單位，因此團隊成員通常採取自我調適作為因應。惟特別的是，當團隊面臨鉅視層面的挑戰，會激發出團隊患難見真情，使團隊成員展現出團隊認同與凝聚力。3.養護型機構專業團隊對理想的合作期待，在內部微視層面包含專業團隊成員能在合作過程中充分投入並確實發揮專業角色與功能、專業團隊合作要能夠回應成員們內在心理需要受到鼓勵與支持的需求。在機構管理層級的居間層面則包含機構管理層能透過適足人力與制度規劃來支持專業團隊合作及發展。在機構體系之外的鉅視層面則包含專業團隊與內外部系統溝通能夠互信交流與共享暢通，以及能夠結合通訊科技在專業團隊合作上運用。 研究建議以促進專業團隊共享心智為基礎，提出：1.機構專業團隊成員在團隊合作中遇到的難題宜尋求團隊共同解決、重視專業團隊合作照顧過程中向不同領域專業人員徵詢意見。2.機構管理者應重視專業團隊合作過程中的正式與非正式互動交流、配置適足的專業人力、結合照顧科技應用於機構專業團隊合作。3.政策制定者應強化與實踐機構評鑑制度的輔導功能、從法令制度加強對小型養護機構兼任社工專業人力之發展與重視、增加不同專業領域共同參與的專業團隊合作訓練。4.未來研究者可進一步探索專業團隊系統外的力量如何影響團隊內部之運作，以及系統內外如何心智共享地合作，並探討更多元等第類型機構與更多不同專業背景團隊成員之合作經驗。; Among the variety of types of the long-term care service system in Taiwan, the development of institutional services are the longest. In addition, the amount of nursing institutions are the most of all categories of institutional services. However, many literatures pointed out that the integrated care in nursing institutions were immature and needed improvement, but lacking for the deep exploration of current conditions and difficulties which inter-disciplinary teams faced in the process of collaboration in nursing institutions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore current conditions, difficulties, coping strategies and expectations which nurses, care aides, and social workers experienced in the inter-disciplinary teamwork of nursing institutions. This qualitative study was conducted by purposive sampling as the mainly sampling method and supplemented by snowball sampling and internet referral, using in-depth interviews with 18 participants including nurses, care aides and social workers from 6 nursing institutions which had different size and professional background of the manager. Data was analyzed by thematic analysis. Findings included as followed: 1. About current conditions of inter-disciplinary teamwork in nursing institutions, “caring with good quality” is the shared knowledge structure in inter-disciplinary teams. Nurses, care aides and social workers are all essential and play their unique roles in the process of collaboration. Moreover, informal interaction between team members can enhance cohesion of inter-disciplinary teamwork. Furthermore, mechanisms of system collaboration and ways to share mental are various in inter-disciplinary teams which had different size and professional background of the manager. Although the development of integrated care in nursing institutions is more progressive than the past, manpower of part-time social workers in small size nursing institutions is still insufficient; as a result, the development of social work profession in small size nursing institutions is difficult to be mature and deep. 2. About difficulties of inter-disciplinary teamwork, at inter-disciplinary teams as a micro level, one is that time to discuss and opinions are inconsistent, the other is that the dilemma of different standpoints. Coping strategies is that facing discussion problems, inter-disciplinary teams discuss separately or consult with the manager. Facing dilemma problems, they stand in the professional position to react. At institutional management as a mezzo level, inter-disciplinary teams confront manpower shortages and heavy workloads; thus, the depth of discussions is limited. At outer systems as a macro level, inter-disciplinary teams face that everyday efforts which team members engage in do not be showed in institution evaluation and be identified by judges. Due to difficulties at mezzo and macro levels are related to superior management or the authorities, inter-disciplinary teams often adopt self-adjustment to react. Especially, encountering macro-level difficulties, inter-disciplinary teams would be aroused cohesion and identification with teams. It makes team members hang together. 3. About expectations of inter-disciplinary teamwork, at inter-disciplinary teams as a micro level, inter-disciplinary teams expect that team members can fully involve in collaboration and play their own unique roles. Besides, inter-disciplinary teamwork should fulfill the need that team members want to be supported and encouraged. At institutional management as a mezzo level, inter-disciplinary teams hope that managers can support the development of inter-disciplinary teamwork through employing adequate manpower and planning mechanism. At outer systems as a macro level, inter-disciplinary teams desire that they can interact and communicate honestly and reliably with inner and outer systems; furthermore, new communication technologies can be applied to the process of inter-disciplinary teamwork. According to research findings, suggestions which are based on promoting mental shared of inter-disciplinary teamwork are as followed: 1. For inter-disciplinary team members, problems which are occurred during the process of collaboration should be solved by the team, and team members should value consultation with other disciplinary team members during the process of collaboration. 2. For institutional managers, they should value formal and informal interaction during the process of inter-disciplinary teamwork, employ adequate manpower, and introduce innovative care technologies into inter-disciplinary teamwork. 3. For the authorities, they should strengthen the function of fostering of institution evaluation, reinforce the development of part-time social workers in small size nursing institutions through legislation, and increase training for inter-disciplinary teamwork. 4. For future researchers, they can explore ways in which outer systems influence inner systems and in which they collaborate and share mental. Besides, understanding experiences of inter-disciplinary teamwork from more different grade of nursing institutions and inter-disciplinary team members are recommended. 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z