類別:http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/192024-03-28T21:50:52Z2024-03-28T21:50:52Z高風險性的虛擬空間?臺灣男同志使用手機交友軟體的愛滋風險與避險策略Yi-Ren Lin林奕任http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/216092021-06-08T03:39:39Z2020-01-01T00:00:00Z標題: 高風險性的虛擬空間?臺灣男同志使用手機交友軟體的愛滋風險與避險策略
; HIV/AIDS Risks and Risk Reduction Strategies of the Users of Gay Geosocial Networking Apps in Taiwan
作者: Yi-Ren Lin; 林奕任
摘要: 根據臺灣衛生福利部疾病管制署(Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taiwan CDC)的統計資料,近年來,臺灣每年新增的愛滋感染者以年輕男性為主,主要危險因子是男性間的不安全性行為。與此同時,社群網站和手機交友軟體等虛擬空間已成為男同志社群中的主要交友管道,取代傳統的公園、酒吧及三溫暖等實體空間。先前的量化研究對於男同志手機交友軟體上的愛滋風險有不同的看法,同樣將交友軟體的使用者與未使用交友軟體者相比,有研究指出前者有較高的愛滋感染盛行率,亦有研究指出相反的結果,與使用者較可能採取降低風險的行為,例如較常使用保險套、進行愛滋篩檢等相關。在這樣看似矛盾的研究結果背後顯示,手機交友軟體為臺灣當代男同志社群帶來了更便捷的交友模式,能夠連結更廣大的虛擬社群的同時,是否也帶來某些隱憂?
本研究於 2020 年 4 月至 8 月間,透過半結構式深度訪談和參與式觀察,以立意抽樣與滾雪球抽樣的方式招募 15 位男同志手機交友軟體的使用者進行訪談,其中包含 11 位非愛滋感染者以及 4 位愛滋感染者,並在臺北市內使用 Hornet 和 Grindr 兩款交友軟體進行參與式觀察。本研究以「男同志使用手機軟體交友如何增加/減低男同志感染愛滋或遭逢愛滋污名的風險?」作為問題意識,探索以男同志為主的男性間性行為者在交友軟體上遭逢了怎樣的愛滋風險環境?在這樣的風險環境中,男同志有怎樣不同的認知?男同志在使用交友軟體的實作過程中,發展出了怎樣的策略,來面對可能遭遇的愛滋感染風險?愛滋感染者又如何避免交友軟體上的愛滋污名風險?
本研究的主要發現如下:一、男同志手機交友軟體 Grindr 相較於 Hornet,有較多使用娛樂性藥物的社群,因此使用者發展出的避險策略多與避免娛樂性藥物的使用有關;二、手機交友軟體的即時性和在地性使得性伴侶的配對快速,可能衍生愛滋風險,故使用者傾向於以取得潛在性伴侶的個人資訊和與潛在性伴侶建立關係的策略來降低風險;三、手機交友軟體大多具有標示使用者愛滋篩檢狀態的功能,但該功能的實際效用仍有待商榷;四、即使在手機交友軟體上,受到愛滋污名的影響,愛滋感染狀態的揭露仍然相當不易。
依據主要發現,本研究提出以下建議:一、發展貼近男同志社群手機交友軟體使用生態的介入方案與政策;二、增進年輕族群對手機交友軟體上娛樂性藥物使用術語的認識;三、以手機交友軟體作為去愛滋污名化的平臺;四、從法律層面減少愛滋感染者選擇揭露感染狀態與否時的阻礙。; According to the statistical data of Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (CDC), men have been in majority of new cases of HIV infection in recent years. Among them, most cases are at the age of twenties and thirties, and the main risk factor is unprotected sexual behaviors of men who have sex with men (MSM). At the same time, traditional ways of making friends in gay community such as meeting in parks, bars or saunas have been replaced with social networking sites and gay geosocial networking apps. Some quantitative research showed that HIV prevalence was significantly higher among app users than non-app users, while other research showed the opposite results, which might be related to the fact that app-using MSM were more likely to have risk-reduction behaviors such as condom use and HIV testing. The inconsistent results not only implied that geosocial networking apps become a faster and more convenient way of making friends for the contemporary gay community in Taiwan and enable gay to have more connections with a vast virtual community, but also implied the apps might cause some potential problems.
Nevertheless, in the process of using apps, what strategies are developed when they face possible risks? This research aimed to explore HIV risks and strategies of the users of gay geosocial networking apps and to answer the main question about “how the usage of geosocial networking apps as a way of socializing in gay community increases or decreases HIV infection/stigma risks?” The research was conducted through in-depth interviews and participatory observation, from April to August, 2020. Purposive sampling and snowball sampling were used for the interviews of 15 users of gay geosocial networking apps, including 11 HIV-negative and 4 HIV-positive participants. Participatory observations of two apps, Hornet and Grindr, were also made in Taipei.
The main results were as follows: (1) More users of recreational drugs gathered on Grindr than Hornet, and thus the risk-reduction strategies from users were mostly associated with avoidance of recreational drug use. (2) Immediacy and locality were characteristics of apps, which resulted in faster matching made between sex partners and might cause higher HIV risks, and therefore the users tended to obtain personal information from and build relationships with potential sex partners to reduce HIV risks. (3) While apps mostly had the function of labeling the HIV status of users, the effect of the function was still unknown. (4) Disclosure of HIV-positive status through usage of apps was still not easy due to HIV stigma.
The research finding suggested: (1) developing intervention programs and policies close to the experiences of using apps among gay community; (2) increasing the knowledge of terms of recreational drug use on apps in young gay community; (3) using apps as platforms to destigmatize HIV; (4) reducing barriers to disclosing HIV status for HIV-positive apps users from a legal perspective.2020-01-01T00:00:00Z青年約會暴力受害經驗在性少數與異性戀間的不平等:以憂鬱症狀為中介變項Pei-Hsin Chen陳佩欣http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/695612021-06-17T03:19:21Z2020-01-01T00:00:00Z標題: 青年約會暴力受害經驗在性少數與異性戀間的不平等:以憂鬱症狀為中介變項
; Disparities in dating violence victimization between LGB and heterosexual young adults: Depressive symptoms as a mediator
作者: Pei-Hsin Chen; 陳佩欣
摘要: 研究背景:約會暴力是公共衛生領域中重要的健康議題,約會暴力的發生會導致許多負面的健康影響。在整個生命週期裡,性少數族群身份的人更有可能遭受親密伴侶的暴力行為,相較於國外對於性少數族群以及約會暴力議題的重視,在台灣對於此議題之相關研究甚少,在不同的文化背景影響下,值得我們進一步去探討。此外,性少數族群身份如何影響約會暴力受害機制目前尚不清楚,本研究進一步探討憂鬱症狀可能在約會暴力受害經驗裡的角色。
研究目的:瞭解台灣性少數族群及異性戀族群約會暴力受害經驗之現況及探討性少數族群身份其約會暴力受害經驗之關係,並檢視憂鬱症狀的中介作用。
研究方法:本研究依據文獻回顧之結果,以量性問卷作為研究工具,採取網路匿名自填形式,進行立意取樣,共蒐集1209份有效樣本,分別依性傾向或性接觸之性別分類作為自變項,憂鬱症狀作為中介變項,約會暴力受害經驗作為依變項,並透過描述性統計及中介作用分析進行假說檢定,並利用拔靴法(Bootstrapping methods)檢驗中介效果是否顯著。
研究結果:性少數族群相於異性戀有較多的約會暴力受害,當研究樣本性傾向為男同性戀或只與同性發生過性接觸者其遭受過肢體約會暴力經驗的可能性較高。發現性傾向與性接觸之性別兩種性少數族群之定義結果並不一致。在性傾向為女同性戀者,相較於異性戀,會有較多的憂鬱症狀,進一步導致可能會有較高的精神、肢體、性約會暴力受害。在性接觸之性別為只與同性發生過性接觸,相較於只與異性發生過性接觸,會有較多的憂鬱症狀,進一步導致可能會有較高的精神、肢體、性約會暴力受害。
結論:性少數族群與異性戀族群的約會暴力受害經驗有所不同,且性少數族群有較多的憂鬱症狀,憂鬱症狀與約會暴力受害有顯著相關,並發現憂鬱症狀可能是性少數族群有約會暴力受害經驗的中介因子。
; Background: Dating violence is a significant health issue in the field of public health. The occurrence of dating violence can cause many negative health effects. Throughout the life cycle, people with sexual minorities are more likely to suffer from intimate partner violence. Compared with foreign countries’ emphasis on sexual minorities and dating violence issues, there is very little research on this issue in Taiwan. Under the influence of different cultural backgrounds, it is worthwhile for us to explore further. Also, it is still unclear how sexual minorities affect the victimization mechanism of dating violence. This study further explores the possible role of depression symptoms in the experience of dating violence victimization.
Aim: To understand the current status of Taiwan’s sexual minorities and heterosexual groups’ experiences of victims of dating violence, explore the relationship between the state of sexual minorities and their experiences of victims of dating violence, and examine the mediating role of depression symptoms.
Methods: This research uses quantitative questionnaires as research tools and takes the form of anonymous self-filling on the Internet to conduct purposeful sampling. A total of 1209 samples are valid, classified according to sexual orientation or gender of sexual contact. As an intermediary variable, depression symptoms are used as a mediating variable, and dating violence victimization experience is used as a dependent variable. Hypothesis tests are conducted through descriptive statistics and mediation analysis, and bootstrapping methods are used to test whether the mediation effect is significant.
Results: Sexual minorities are more likely to suffer from dating violence than heterosexuals. When the study sample is gay men or those who have only had sex with the same sex, they are more likely to have experienced physical dating violence. It is found that the definitions of sexual orientation and sex of sexual minorities are not consistent. Compared with heterosexuals, lesbians have more depression symptoms, which may lead to higher mental, physical, and sexual dating violence. The sex of sexual contact is only having sexual contact with the same sex. Compared with only having sexual contact with the opposite sex, there will be more depression symptoms, which may further lead to higher mental, physical, and sexual dating violence victims.
Conclusion: Sexual minorities and heterosexual groups have different experiences of victimization of dating violence, and sexual minorities have more depression symptoms, and depression symptoms are significantly related to the victimization of dating violence, and it is found that the depression symptoms may be that the sexual minorities have to date the mediating factor of violence victim experience.2020-01-01T00:00:00Z青少年結交偏差同儕類型與成年過度飲酒的關係: 潛在類別分析施顯學Hsien-Hsueh Shihhttp://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/897852023-11-09T11:44:16Z2023-01-01T00:00:00Z標題: 青少年結交偏差同儕類型與成年過度飲酒的關係: 潛在類別分析; Association between Patterns of Deviant Peer Affiliation and Binge Drinking in Adulthood: a Latent Class Analysis
作者: 施顯學; Hsien-Hsueh Shih
摘要: 背景:
青少年結交偏差同儕(Deviant peer affiliation)為物質濫用的重要社會決定因子,但對於成年過度飲酒(Binge drinking)是否具有長期效應仍未確定。本研究目的在探討青少年結交偏差同儕的類型,及其與成年過度飲酒的相關性,並進一步分析其中可能的性別差異。
方法:
分析資料來自「臺灣青少年成長歷程研究」,此為取樣自台灣北部的固定連續樣本研究 (panel study)。當樣本擁有完整之結交偏差同儕(13歲)及過度飲酒資訊(30歲)時,即納入成為本研究之分析樣本,共1,145名。分析方法為「三階段的偏差調整潛在類別分析(3-step bias-adjusted latent class analysis)」,並依序納入近端、遠端的控制變項,以檢驗結交偏差同儕的類別以及與成年過度飲酒的相關性。最後在模型中納入交互作用項,來檢視相關性是否具有性別差異。
結果:
本研究發現四種結交偏差同儕類型:最少偏差同儕組(65.51%)、攻擊性同儕組(18.19%)、逃學暴力同儕組(9.14%)與嚴重偏差同儕組(7.16%)。在同時考慮近端與遠端之控制變項時,相對於「最少偏差同儕」組,研究對象於青少年時期之偏差同儕結交類型若為「攻擊性同儕」 (OR= 2.12, 95% CI: 1.16–3.86) 或「嚴重暴力同儕」 (OR= 2.50, 95% CI: 1.39–4.48),在成年時期有較高的過度飲酒風險;但「逃學暴力同儕」的影響並不顯著 (OR= 1.13, 95% CI: 0.58–3.86)。此外,不同類型之接交偏差同儕與成年過度飲酒風險之相關性並無性別差異。
結論:
青少年不同類型的結交偏差同儕,對成年過度飲酒的影響有所差異。因此,建議未來在規劃飲酒相關介入策略時,除需早期介入外,並應將不同偏差同儕結交類型的影響納入考量。; Background:
Deviant peer affiliation in adolescence is an essential social determinant of substance misuse, but its long-term effect on adult binge drinking remains uncertain. The present study explored the patterns of deviant peer affiliation during adolescence and its connection with binge drinking in adulthood. The potential sex differences were also examined.
Method:
Data were drawn from a panel study, Taiwan Youth Project (TYP). 1,145 individuals who had complete data on deviant peer affiliation at 13 years old and binge drinking at 30 years old were analyzed. The bias-adjust 3-step latent class analysis was conducted to examine study hypotheses. All models controlled for both proximal and distal covariates. Sex differences were determined by the significance of the interaction terms.
Result:
Four patterns of deviant peer affiliation were identified: minimal peer-deviance (65.51%), peer-aggression (18.19%), peer truancy with aggression (9.14%), and severe peer deviance (7.16%). Compared to those in the minimal peer-deviance group, adolescents who belonged to the peer-aggression or severe peer-deviance groups showed an increased risk of binge drinking in adulthood (OR= 2.12 and 2.50 respectively). No sex difference was found for the examined associations.
Conclusion:
Varying patterns of deviant peer affiliation during adolescence have differential effects on subsequent risks of binge drinking. To prevent adult binge drinking, interventions should be implemented early and consider the nature of peer affiliation.2023-01-01T00:00:00Z青少年早期自殺企圖和青少年晚期與成人早期負面情緒與行為預後的關聯性:世代研究Chun-Wei Chen陳君瑋http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/849422023-03-19T22:34:01Z2022-01-01T00:00:00Z標題: 青少年早期自殺企圖和青少年晚期與成人早期負面情緒與行為預後的關聯性:世代研究; The association between suicide attempts in early adolescence and adverse emotional and behavioral outcomes in late adolescence and early adulthood: a cohort study
作者: Chun-Wei Chen; 陳君瑋
摘要: 研究背景:青少年的自殺企圖預示著將來更高的自殺風險。過去研究發現曾經嘗試自殺的青少年不僅未來再次嘗試自殺的風險更高,還可能會出現多種情緒及行為問題。青少年早期便已嘗試過自殺的青少年,他們在之後的成長階段,例如:青少年後期、成年早期,會經歷什麼樣的情緒及行為問題,對於我們而言仍然知之甚少。 研究目的:本研究旨在調查在青少年早期經歷過自殺企圖的青少年,進入到青少年後期、成年早期時,是否會在負面情緒或行為問題上存在著較高的風險。 研究方法:資料來源為兒童與青少年行為之長期發展研究計畫(CABLE),在青少年早期(12-14歲)、青少年後期(15-17歲)和成年早期(18-21歲)測量了自殺企圖、自殺意念以及多項情緒和行為問題,並利用廣義估計式來執行羅吉斯迴歸調查青少年早期的自殺企圖與青少年晚期及成年早期的負面情緒及行為結果之間的關聯性。 結果:青少年早期的自殺企圖與青少年後期、成年早期的多種負面情緒和行為預後有關,包含自殺意念、自殺企圖、反社會行為、抽煙、飲酒、嚼檳榔和使用非法藥物,其中,青少年早期的自殺企圖更是之後自殺企圖的強力預測因子,青少年早期的自殺企圖與之後兩個時間段的關聯性在不同的負面結果上呈現了不同的趨勢,在自殺意念、憂鬱、社交焦慮、抽煙和嚼食檳榔方面在兩個時間段的關聯性差異不大,相比之下,從青少年晚期到成年早期,自殺企圖和飲酒的關聯性減弱,而反社會行為和使用非法藥物方面則變得更強,並且這些關聯不能夠由社會經濟因素和家庭支持來解釋,而是主要被研究基線時的情緒和行為變量所解釋。 結論:青少年自殺企圖者可能會在往後的學生生涯中遇到情緒或行為問題,甚至會重新出現自殺念頭和企圖。; Background: Suicide attempts in adolescents indicate increased risk of suicide. Several previous studies from a few countries suggested that adolescents who were engaged in suicide attempts had increased risk of not only future suicide attempts but also multiple emotional and behavioral problems. However, little is known about the association of suicide attempt in early adolescence with suicidal behavior and emotional and behavioral problems in late adolescence and early adulthood in other settings. Aim: To investigate whether adolescents who engaged in suicide attempts in early adolescence were at increased risk for adverse emotional or behavioral problems in later adolescence and early adulthood. Methods: Data were extracted from the Child and Adolescent Behaviors in Long-term Evolution (CABLE) (n = 4466). Suicide attempt, suicide ideation, and multiple emotional and behavioral problems were measured in early adolescence (aged 12-14 years), late adolescence (15-17 years), and early adulthood (18-21 years). We conducted logistic regression analysis by applying the generalized estimating equations to investigate the associations between suicide attempts in early adolescence and later emotional and behavioral outcomes in late adolescence and early adulthood. Results: Suicide attempts in early adolescence were associated with multiple adverse emotional and behavioral outcomes in late adolescence and early adulthood, including suicide ideation, suicide attempt, anti-social behavior, smoking, drinking, areca nut chewing, and illicit drug use. Noticeably, suicide attempt in early adolescence was a strong predictor for later suicide attempts (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 10.62, 95% confidence internal [CI] 7.11, 15.85 in late adolescence and aOR = 6.78, 95% CI 3.68, 12.51 in early adulthood). The strengths of associations between suicide attempt in early adolescence and future outcomes in the two follow-up periods varied by the outcome – they were of similar strengths for suicide ideation, depression, social anxiety, smoking, and areca nut chewing in the two follow-up periods; by contrast, they became weaker for suicide attempt and drinking while became stronger for anti-social behavior and illicit drug use from late adolescence to early adulthood. The associations between suicide attempt in early adolescence and outcomes in later periods were not explained by socioeconomic factors and family support, while most of them were partially accounted for by emotional and behavioral variables at baseline. Conclusion: Adolescent suicide attempters have an increased risk of suicide ideation and attempt and multiple emotional or behavioral problems later in life.2022-01-01T00:00:00Z